MUNICIPAL EDUCATIONAL BUDGETARY INSTITUTION

"SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL No. 1"

village POIKOVSKY

Collection

scenario development of mass events and didactic materials on tourism and local history work

Azimuth

2015

Content

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………5

1. Correspondence trip around the native land “Restless people go on a hike”………………………………………………………………………………….6

2. Quiz on tourism and local history “The world around us”………………12

3. Game “Resourceful Traveler”……………………………………...13

4. Game-travel “Tourist trails”……………………………18

5. Holiday “Jolly Tourists”…………………………………………………………26

6. Tourist game “How to behave on a hike”……………………………27

7. Tourist relay………………………………………………………30

8. Path of trials…………………………………………………………….32

9. Game “Test yourself”……………………………………………………….34

10. Game “Autumn Paths”…………………………………………………...36

11. Game “Pirates of the Caribbean”……………………………………………………….38

12. Quiz game “To the heights of tourism excellence”……………….39

13.Tourist quiz……………………………………………………41

14. Orienteering quiz………………………………………………………41

15. Quiz about the fire………………………………………………………...43

Section 2. Didactic material

1. Tips for tourists……………………………………………………………….45

Literature

Introduction

Tourism and local history work, school tourism are an integral part of the republican education program. In classes of tourist and local history clubs, on hiking trips, rallies, competitions and other public events, children improve their health, acquire skills and abilities necessary in their future life. Studying our native land and the nature that surrounds us broadens our horizons, fosters patriotism and love for the Motherland.

The collection presents scenario developments for tourism and local history public events, didactic materials used in classes of tourism and local history clubs of the State Educational Institution “CDT of Chashniki”.

These teaching materials are aimed at developing students’ interest in tourism and local history activities and a healthy lifestyle. By taking part in these events, children improve their health, develop strength, agility, endurance, initiative, perseverance, broaden their horizons, learn tourist culture, love for nature and their land.

The purpose of the collection is to assist the leaders of tourism and local history circles in organizing and conducting public events and training sessions.

Section 1. Mass events

Absentee travel around the native land

"Restless people go on a hike"

Target:

Tasks:

popularization of a healthy lifestyle among students;

nurturing love for nature;

formation of an active life position.

Equipment: task cards, cards with riddle words, 2 compasses, 2 backpacks, bread, blanket, towel, paints, matches, pencils, bowler hat, glue, salt, brick, ball, rope, fishing rods with a magnet, images of fish, gymnastic bench, cut for parting words.

Event content:

Attention! Attention!

I am announcing a tourism campaign.

Today we will learn about everything:

What causes thunder?

And about the north and about the south,

And about everything that is around.

About the bear and the fox,

And about berries in the forest.

We will play with you,

Write and study.

So there is no point in sitting -

We have to be on time.

Don't forget to take your card!

Well guys

Good luck!

Players' Choice

But only those children who remember proverbs and sayings related to nature go on our unusual journey.

The fox will guide seven wolves.

Water flowed from the mountains and brought spring.

April is with water, and May is with grass.

Spring rain grows, and autumn rain rots.

One swallow does not make spring.

January is the beginning of the year, winter is the middle.

Warm-up

Before we go on a journey we must prepare. This means we need to repeat the rules of behavior in nature.

Children are given cards with drawings illustrating the rules. (Appendix No. 1). They must formulate rules:

Don't litter;

Do not be noisy;

Don't destroy anthills;

Don't destroy birds' nests;

Don't touch the chicks;

Don't catch insects;

Don't knock the mushrooms;

Don't break branches;

Don't pick flowers;

Don't pull out the berries.

Orientation

Game "Where will you go and what will you find." Find a backpack by description.

What will we take with us?

From the suggested things, choose those that are necessary for the hike.

"Bread, blanket, towel, paints, matches, pencils, bowler hat, glue, salt, brick, ball."

Game with fans

Before you go on a hike,

We need to remember the rules in advance.

If it's true, then

Say the words "yes".

If the answer is wrong -

Say the word "no".

So as not to get lost in the forest,

We have to run and scream

Stomp, quarrel and get angry,

And don't answer the call.

Is this the correct answer?

It's probably possible to meet

And the bunny and the fox,

If it's quiet, be careful

Move through the forest.

Remember that forever.

Do you agree with me?

Fly agarics and toadstools!

Kick them, hit them with a stick!

In the clearing, so as not to hear anything,

There wouldn't be any of them.

Is this the correct answer?

You saw chicks in a nest,

But be careful not to offend.

Move away so they don't see you

You from the air their parents.

Do you agree with me?

Let

"Up the tree for nuts." Rope climbing.

Our halt

It's noon. We were already a little tired and hungry. It's time to have lunch. What are we having for lunch today?

Riddles for players

I'm growing up in a red cap

Among the aspen roots.

You'll recognize me a mile away

My name is...

(Boletus)

The radiant sun catches,

Ripening at the edge.

Will turn red and fragrant

It also ends up in the mug.

(Strawberry)

A hundred clothes

All without fasteners.

(Cabbage)

Grandfather is sitting

Dressed in a hundred fur coats.

Who undresses him?

He sheds tears.

(Onion)

For parents and children

All clothes are made from coins.

(Fish)

Usually, songs are sung at a rest stop. Let's sing the songs “Don't Complain” and “Potatoes”.

So you and I refreshed ourselves, rested, sang songs, and now it’s time to play.

Game "Fishing" Catch a fish, name it.

Green pharmacy

For sore throat, scarlet fever

Protect vitamins.

We must work hard -

We all need knowledge.

So we’ll see how you can provide first aid with the help of plants. You should recognize the flower by its description and by the description of its medicinal properties.

1. This plant is a good hemostatic agent. The young leaves of this plant are used to make salads and cabbage soup. It usually grows in vacant lots, near fences. When you come into contact with this plant, blisters appear on the skin.

(Nettle)

2. This is a wild plant. It is used to treat cuts, wounds, abrasions, and insect bites. It grows near paths and country roads.

(Plantain)

3. It is a wild plant with delicate small white flowers that emit a delicate aroma. These flowers bloom in May-June and are used for heart disease.

(Lily of the valley)

4. This plant is familiar to you. It serves to lower the temperature, as a choleretic and laxative. The petals of this plant are used to make jam, and the young leaves are used for salads.

(Dandelion)

Let

Anything can happen on a hike. So we came across a river on our way. To cross it, you need to walk along a log.

Creative task

Here we are in a flowering meadow. You need to compose a poem with the following words in 2 minutes:

Masha Bee

Chamomile Christmas tree

Friend Day

Cornflower Penek

Ecology on a hike

Our journey is coming to an end and it is time for us to go home. But you and I remember well the rules of behavior in nature and know that when leaving, tourists must restore order. Therefore, participants in the next competition must quickly collect papers and write parting words for everyone who is going on a hike.

It's not easy to be kind

But for those who are not great,

And for those who are taller,

The heart tells you to be kind.

Summarizing

Winner's reward ceremony

Appendix No. 1

Quiz on tourism and local history

"The world around us"

Target: generalize and expand tourism and environmental knowledge.

Tasks:

development of cognitive activity of students;

broadening your horizons in the field of tourism and local history;

1. Orientation without a map and compass

On which side does lichen cover tree trunks? (from the north)

Which side do the berries start to turn red on? (from the south)

While in the forest, you can navigate by forest management posts. In what direction are clearings cut in forestry?

(North South East West)

On which side, north or south, is the grass thicker in spring? (from North)

2. About time and place

At what time do the skylarks and quails that live in fields and meadows wake up? (3 hours)

At what time does the salsify's yellow cap open? (3 hours)

What time does the dandelion open its yellow caps? (6 hours)

3. Signs of the weather

A sign of what kind of weather if:

Is it warmer in the evening than during the day? (inclement weather)

Is there heavy dew in the evening and at night? (warm sunny weather)

Is the air pressure dropping? (inclement weather)

Is there fog in the hollows and lowlands in the evening? (to the clear)

Do swallows and swifts fly high? (to the clear)

Clumpy clouds or high and fast-moving clouds? (warm sunny weather)

Is there any dew at night? (to the clear)

Are the coals of the fire smoldering brightly? (to the clear)

A rainbow that appeared in the sky in the afternoon? (warm sunny weather)

4. Animals-forecasters, plants-barometers

Sign of what weather if

Do swallows fly low? (towards the rain)

Mosquitoes and midges hovering like a column? (towards warmth)

Do sparrows bathe in dust in summer?

Are the flowers of the white water lily closing? (before the rain)

Do bracken leaves curl downward? (for warm weather)

Do rabbit cabbage flowers stay open overnight? (before the rain)

Are long dry spruce branches straightening? (for sunny weather)

Are the yellow dandelions opening? (for sunny weather)

5. Forest pharmacy

- What flower heals the heart? (Lily of the valley.)

What plants are used for colds? (Raspberry, coltsfoot, chamomile.)

What berry replaces lemon? (Cranberries. They contain vitamin C and citric acid.)

What medicinal plant increases appetite? (Dandelion roots, wormwood, plantain.)

What medicinal plants can be used to make tea? (Leaves of strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, lingonberries, cranberries, fireweed.)

(Blueberries.)

The juice of which medicinal plant stops bleeding? (Shepherd's purse.)

A game "Resourceful Traveler"

Target:

Tasks:

improving skills in tourism and local history;

formation of tourist culture;

nurturing love and respect for the environment.

“Resourceful Traveler” is a game that includes 10 competitions, the participants of which can be schoolchildren of both the younger and older age groups. The tasks include situations that you might encounter while traveling. 1-3 teams consisting of 5-6 participants can take part in the game.

Competition 1. Selecting the responsibilities of team members

The presenter invites the participants to choose signs with the inscriptions of their responsibilities during the hike:

1) captain;

2) cook;

3) fire pit;

4) caretaker;

5) chronicler;

6) doctor.

After choosing the signs, participants are asked to select items that correspond to each person's responsibilities. For each correct answer the team receives 1 point.

Right answers:

1) captain - compass;

2) cook - ladle;

3) campfire - dry alcohol;

4) caretaker - linen bag;

5) chronicler - notebook;

6) medic - tourniquet.

Competition 2. Equipment

The presenter reads out a list of items from which participants need to cross out those that are not needed during the hike.

1. Magnifying glass

2. Compass

3. Backpack

4. Metal chain

5. Tent

6. Umbrella

7. Sunglasses

8. Map

9. Electric razor

10. Sun awning

11. Sleeping bag

12. Pillow

13. Rain cape

14. Tourist mat

15. Lantern

16. Jacket

17. Panama

19. Towel

20. Sponge

For each correctly crossed out item - 1 point.

Competition 3. "Stubborn backpack"

Participants of competing teams take turns standing with their backs and taking each other's arms. Leaning forward, everyone tries to tear their opponent off the ground. The participant who manages to do this wins.

The winning participant earns 1 point for the team.

Competition 4. Choosing a parking lot

The presenter reads out the situation and invites the participants to choose a parking spot, justifying their choice.

“Before the eyes of tourists, meticulously examining the area in order to choose a parking place, landscapes opened up: vast tall grass meadows come close to the river, not far away there is a bridge, on the opposite bank there is a forest edge and a huge anthill, just downstream there is a small village, behind which the sandy beach was clearly visible, and upstream there was mixed woodland."

The correct answer is 2 points (upstream in mixed open forest).

Competition 5. Bonfire

The most mysterious moments on a hike are sitting around the fire.

The presenter asks questions:

- What kind of fire can you sit by until the morning without putting more wood on it?

- Which of the following types of fire can be used for the longest heating at any time of the year?

1) hut

2) nodya

3) well

4) taiga

Correct answer: Nodya fire. Score - 2 points.

Competition 6. Food on a hike

The presenter reads out the questions, and the team that first raises the signal card answers.

(honey mushrooms)

2. What kind of soup is it without spices? I want pepper, but where can I get it? Only dandelions, shepherd's purse, and plantain grow here. Or maybe something would be useful?

(shepherd's purse seeds)

3. To make our soup tastier, let’s add such a giant that grew up after the rain. They called it a potato, but whose?

(hare potato, puffball mushroom)

4. How about a cup of coffee? Would you mind refusing? But they didn’t take coffee with them. But here only dandelions, daisies, and oaks grow, but there is no coffee tree. What plant can replace it?

(dandelion roots, oak acorns)

5. Drinking coffee is somehow not very good, it’s bitter. And instead of a store there are trees, unnecessary or necessary. Why?

(birch or maple sap can replace sugar)

6. Here's another spoonful of jam - and the biggest sweet tooth would envy us. But what can you make jam from in the forest?

(from burdock, its crushed roots

boil for 2 hours in water and get jam)

For the correct answer - 2 points.

Competition 7. Ecology of the bivouac

The presenter reads out the situation: “Each of us knows very well that a tourist is, first of all, a friend of nature. When going on a hike, he must remember the main commandment of a tourist: “Do no harm.” And in order not to become the worst enemy of forests and meadows, birds and animals, a tourist must remember how to organize a bivouac in an environmentally correct manner.

The presenter invites participants to organize environmentally correct waste disposal in the parking lot: cans, paper, food scraps.

The correct answer is 2 points.

1) cans must be burned on fire, crushed, and then buried;

2) paper - burn on fire;

3) bury leftover food in the form of porridge, etc., liquid products in a garbage pit, spread bread on a stump for the birds.

Competition 8. Orienteering on a hike

The presenter describes the situation: “The tourist has to navigate all the time, using a variety of techniques and means of orientation: a map, compass, watch, celestial bodies, relief contours, various local objects, radios.

But situations often arise when traditional methods of orienteering using a compass become impossible due to its breakdown. And then you have to use other means to find the right path."

Participants are invited to get their bearings with a mechanical watch. Justify the answer.

For each correct way of orienting - 2 points.

The presenter reads out the correct answer in poetic form:

Direct the hour hand

In the sun to a golden point.

Between the hand and the hour number

There is an angle - it is important for us.

Divide the corner in half

And immediately you will find the south there.

Competition 9. Fan competition

The presenter reads out questions for the fans, the signal for an answer is a raised hand.

1. What types of tourism do you know? (cycling, hiking, water, spleo, mountain)

2. What kind of alcohol should you take on a hike? (dry)

3. Is it possible to travel through Belarus in the summer and end up in “winter”? (tent "Winter")

4. Which characters from Mark Twain’s famous children’s novel made a trip to category I on a raft? (Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn)

5. What brand of gun can be taken to protected areas? (camera gun)

6. What type of fire is best for quick cooking? (well)

Competition 10. Blitz tournament

Question for the captain: Why does the expression “Six feet of clear water under the keel” sound like a clear hyperbole for kayaking travelers? (30-50 cm depth is enough for a kayak)

Question for the chronicler: What time of year is most favorable for keeping records of wild animals in the forest and why? (winter, it is easier to identify tracks by the trail)

Question for cook: How to cook a goose on a spit during a camping holiday? (first you need to cut it into pieces, and then fry each one separately, after each piece is ready, skewer it)

Question for a physician: What plant can be used on a hike as a substitute for cotton wool? (dry white moss)

Question for the campfire: How to prepare lunch for tourists if the group is moving through a treeless area? (on primus)

Question for the caretaker: How should bulk products be packaged so as not to tarnish the reputation of the supply manager? (in linen bags, then in plastic bags)

Summarizing

Travel game

"Tourist paths"

Target: popularization of knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of tourism and local history.

Tasks:

formation and consolidation of a children's team through joint activities;

nurturing a caring attitude towards the environment.

Progress of the game:

Teacher. Today I invite you to go on a hike; it’s true, it’s not quite ordinary, but it’s very fun and educational. Here you can show all your knowledge and skills, abilities and talents.

The sun's funny ray teases us,

We're having fun this morning,

Summer gives us a ringing holiday,

And the main guest on it is the game!

She is our best friend - big and smart,

Will not let you get bored and discouraged,

A cheerful, noisy argument will start,

It will help to learn new things.

Players' Choice

To become a participant in a hike, you need to remember the rules of behavior in nature:

Don't litter;

Do not be noisy;

Don't destroy anthills;

Don't destroy birds' nests;

Don't touch the chicks;

Don't catch insects;

Don't tear down the web, don't destroy the spiders;

Don't knock the mushrooms;

Don't take the forest dwellers home;

Don't break branches;

Don't pick flowers;

Do not damage the bark of trees;

Don't pull out the berries.

Warm-up

(for each task - 1 point)

Who can make up the team name from the letters faster and chant it more amicably?

"Goosebumps"

"Bugs"

Who will build faster in terms of height?

Who can line up the alphabet faster? (First letter of name)

Orientation

(for the whole team)

It is very easy to get lost in the forest; a real tourist must be able to navigate the area. Teams receive task cards. (Appendix No. 1) For each correct answer - 1 point.

Packing a backpack

(one person from each team participates,

The most important thing for a tourist is to pack a backpack, you must not forget anything and preferably not take too much, but all your things must also be packed correctly. Teams are offered cards; they need to connect the right and left parts correctly.

Bread, crackers

To the back

Heavy objects

Above

Sleeping bag, clothes

To the bottom

Playing with spectators

What should we take with us on a hike?

Should we go there?

Answer very quickly

But look, don't yawn!

I name the object

Is he suitable or not?

If "yes" - clap your hands,

If “no,” stomp your foot,

Just don't break the floor.

All clear? 1, 2, 3.

Bowler hat, iron, comb,

Vacuum cleaner, rope, pacifier.

All-terrain vehicle, binoculars, perfume,

Two dried fleas,

Handkerchief, pillow,

Flippers, ball, skates and stick,

Hammer, wire cutters, knife,

Well, will you take salt with you?

Matches, nails, lard -

So our squad has been assembled.

Test 1

(for the whole team)

Marsh swamp - running over bumps.

Halt. Our lunch

1. Is it true that a “well” type fire is when the logs are laid in a cone shape with an inward slope? (No)

2. Is it true that a “taiga” type fire is used to dry clothes and belongings? (Yes)

3. Is it true that the installation of a tent should begin with the installation of vertical posts? (No)

4. Is it true that cans should be burned in a fire and buried? (Yes)

5. Is it true that wet wool socks can be dried in a sleeping bag at night? (No)

6. Is it true that spruce branches are placed under the bottom of the tent? (Yes)

Determine what you can cook for lunch by solving a riddle, but you need to sketch the answer.

Riddle for first players:

For parents and children

All clothes are made from coins. ( Fish)

Riddle for second players:

Unsightly, gnarly,

And she will come to the table

The guys will say cheerfully:

“Well, it’s crumbly and delicious!” (Potato)

Riddle for third players:

A white barrel is rolling.

There's not a bitch on it. ( Egg)

Riddle for fourth players:

The green house is cramped:

Narrow, long, smooth,

They sit side by side in the house

Round guys. (Peas)

Riddle for fifth players:

The girl wrapped herself in leaves

Only a curly strand came out.

She is dressed in green chain mail -

The rings are pressed tightly against each other. (Corn)

Riddle for sixth players:

Like on a stitch, on a path,

I see scarlet earrings.

I bent down for one,

And I came across ten!

I was inclined - I was not lazy.

I've filled the mug with the top! (Strawberry)

Test 2

(for the whole team)

Mushroom picking relay race. Among the images of various mushrooms, take only edible ones and bring them to your team’s basket.

Fan performance

Amateur performance numbers. Songs of tourists.

Green pharmacy

(participate one person at a time,

for each correct answer - 1 point)

Anything can happen on a hike: you cut or rub your leg. What to do? Where can I get the medicine? And it is right under our feet.

The forest is like a fairy tale kingdom,

There are medicines growing all around there.

In every grass, in every branch

Both the medicine and the pills.

Assignment: recognize a medicinal plant by appearance and description. The one who raised his hand faster answers. You can earn extra points if you tell us what this plant cures.

Evil as a she-wolf

It burns like mustard!

What kind of miracle is this?

What kind of bastard?

(Nettle is a hemostatic agent)

They call me the yellow-eyed flower,

They picked a flower - they use the petals to tell fortunes,

And to truly become happy,

Believe me, there’s no need to rip me off.

(Chamomile - decoction for gargling, tea for colds and coughs)

There are white bells on the green cord.

White peas - on a green stem.

(Lily of the valley - used for heart disease.)

A modest, inconspicuous leaf,

Many of us are completely unaware.

That a cure has been found

Right there, on the path, at your feet.

(Plantain - treats cuts, wounds, abrasions, insect bites)

I am a fluffy ball

I turn white in a clean field,

And the wind blew -

A stalk remains.

(Dandelion - lowers temperature, choleretic and laxative)

Medicine

Teams are given cards with questions that must be answered correctly.

1. The edges of the wound (without severe bleeding) are treated:

a) hydrogen peroxide,

b) potassium permanganate,

c) iodine.

2. When stopping severe arterial bleeding, a tourniquet is applied for the following period:

a) no more than 30 minutes,

b) no more than 1 hour,

c) for 10 minutes.

3. Which of the following medications is a pain reliever:

a) furatsilin,

b) aspirin,

c) analgin?

4 What to do if you are injured:

a) apply heat

b) apply cold,

c) make an iodine grid?

5. A person who has lost consciousness is brought back to consciousness:

a) validol,

b) alcohol,

c) ammonia.

Test 3

(one person per team participates)

Anything can happen on a hike: the boys disturbed a wasp hive. You can be saved only by putting on as many clothes as possible in one minute.

Creative competition

A wonderful evening around the fire. Here they sing songs and tell interesting stories. Your task is to come up with a forest fairy tale based on its beginning. While the players are composing a fairy tale, a silent relay race is held.

For the first team: “Once upon a time, a feisty, despising fly agaric appeared in a clearing where sturdy red-capped boletuses lived...”

For the second team: “Mushroom pickers came to the forest, and the little boletus was left all alone; the mischievous toadstools took him in for upbringing...”

Test 4

One of the rules of behavior in nature is maintaining silence, because how wonderful it is to listen to the sounds of nature. The players of each team must pass the rattle so that it does not rattle, while the last player goes forward, then the second to last, etc.

The team that remains silent the longest, or the one that completes the exercise first, wins.

Fairy tale competition

So our campaign has come to an end, you managed to tell a lot, show, show your best qualities - ingenuity, resourcefulness, dexterity, mutual assistance. The last thing we have to do is put out the fire. You will approach and take one tongue of the fire, unfinished phrases are written there. If you complete the phrase correctly, the team will earn a point, and if not, the point will be deducted from the points you have already earned, because the fire must be extinguished.

Hungry like... a wolf.

Cunning, like... a fox.

Chatty like... a magpie.

Dumb, like... a fish.

Dirty, like... a pig.

Mulish.

As cunning as... a snake.

Clumsy, like... a bear.

Prickly, like... a hedgehog.

Cowardly, like... a hare.

Blind as... a mole.

Wise as... an owl.

Summarizing.

Winner's reward ceremony

Appendix No. 1

Holiday

"Happy Tourists"

Target: generalize and expand children’s knowledge about the culture of behavior in nature.

Tasks:

form an active life position;

promote the unity of the children's team through joint activities;

cultivate a love for nature.

Characters: Presenter, Lesovik and Kikimora. The woodsman is kind and helps on the hike. Kikimora interferes with tourists and plots intrigues.

Leading:

Dear Guys! Summer is a time for exciting hikes. And today we will go along the hiking trail. Have you had time to prepare for the trip? Do you know what situations may await you? ( children's answers)

Departure.

The first surprise: crossing a stream on a log.

On the other side you can see an unusual bush. It is hung with hazelnuts and a letter is written on each one. The tourist who has overcome the obstacle must pick one nut from the bush and then form a word together. This is the word "Greetings".

Who is greeting us?

Lesovik: You are welcome to my forest, dear travelers! Yes, did you recognize me? I am a woodsman, the owner of the local forests. I love my forest, its secret shore. I can whisper heart to heart with every leaf and blade of grass. And I always welcome guests - kind and pleasant ones. And I will help you along the way, protect you from all misfortunes. Just guys, you need to be careful in the forest. Well, look there! (points to the bushes)

Kikimora: Who is stopping me? And tourists... But you don’t know and can’t do anything!

(The guys tell the rules of behavior in nature.)

Kikimora: That's bad luck, we managed to get out of it! Well, never mind, there’s a lake ahead! Stupid! As soon as they see it, they will rush into the water. It's hot!

Lesovik: Guys, did you hear what Kikimora whispered? But we will be smarter - we won’t go into an unfamiliar body of water. What does this mean? (children's statement) How should you save those who are in the water? (guys' answers)

Kikimora: And they know everything! Well, forest man. He leads them further and further. But a surprise awaits them on the shore.

Lesovik: Here is the resting place. And how much garbage! But this garbage was left behind by would-be tourists. It may be good for them - they don’t have to clean up, but woe to nature! What should we do now: go further, look for a place?

Leading: We need to help nature, and it will thank us. (The guys are tidying up the clearing.)

Lesovik: Well, you have successfully completed the journey, and now I will present you with the “Beginner Tourist” medals. Where are they?

Kikimora: And I stole them. She stole it and hid it!

Lesovik: Give it back! The guys deserved them, otherwise I’ll tell all the inhabitants of the forest what intrigues you were up to.

Kikimora: Okay, I'll give it to you. But since you are such good tourists, look for them yourself. Do you have one that can navigate? Let him stand exactly in this place, and let the rest all around, ten steps away from him. And hands behind your back. Now I’ll slip a medal into someone’s hand, and let him, the player in the center, guess who it is. I will only say that you need to go exactly to the “south”.

Lesovik: Guys! Do you know what will help us now? Compass! Here he is! Only it will help those who know how to use it. (The guys use a compass to find a bag of medals.)

Guys, you are real tourists now! Happy travels to you, friends!

Tourist game

"How to behave on a hike"

Target: consolidate the children's knowledge about the culture of behavior in nature.

Tasks:

teach children to correctly evaluate their actions and the actions of others;

strive to ensure that every student knows the norms and rules of behavior in nature;

cultivate a caring attitude towards the environment.

The game is played during the classes of the tourist club before going on a hike. The guys are divided into two teams and asked each team member (in turn) to evaluate a specific situation, say what was done in it and what was not done. Teammates add or correct answers if necessary. The opposing team is closely following the discussion. She is interested in complementing or correcting the answerer in order to get additional points.

Subjects:

1. The guys set up tents. Now they need to be equipped so that they can sleep well. The boys went into the forest to get paws.

2. “There’s a fireplace. Let’s make a fire here,” suggested Alik. “Why here? Let’s go under the tree, it’s more comfortable there,” the girls objected. The boys went to where they pointed, dug a hole, and threw the earth away so that it would not interfere.

3. Nina suddenly saw a nest in the bushes, in which lay five neat chocolate-colored eggs (nightingales). She carefully took one, placed it in her palm, admired it, and then returned it to its place.

4. The guys saw a chick on the grass that couldn’t fly. They looked around for the nest from which it fell, but did not find it and decided to take the chick with them.

5. Suddenly a squirrel appeared right in front of them. One of the boys managed to cover it with a hat. “Now you will be mine,” he said contentedly.

6. The boy took a matchbox out of his pocket, opened it slightly and, carefully holding the body of a lovely butterfly, showed the boys his trophies.

7. The guys were walking through the forest with the puppy and suddenly noticed that he was not nearby. They called him, shouted, but he never responded.

8. One of the girls remarked: “Something has become quiet in the forest. Even the birds are not singing. It’s completely boring. We need to turn on the transistor louder.”

9. The boys made their way through the thickets of aquatic plants, first along the muddy bottom, and then by swimming, to pick and give to the girls a snow-white water lily, which they called “water lily.” “Let them appreciate us, we weren’t even afraid of leeches,” everyone thought.

10. The guys dug a hole under the bush and put in it all the garbage that appeared after the rest.

11. Vadim walked around the clearing with an empty tin can, looking for something suitable to wrap it up and put it in his backpack. “Why are you running around with this can?” he heard. “Throw it into the water and be done with it.”

12. There was paper, transparent crumpled bags, broken plastic cups and other garbage lying on the ground. The guys collected it all and burned it at the stake.

13. After dinner there was porridge left, everyone was full, and no one wanted more. “Throw it into the fire,” someone suggested.

14. Everyone was ready to go, when suddenly one of the guys saw fresh cuts on the dark linden trunk, somewhere at eye level: 7th grade, their school number and year. "Who thought of doing this?" - Yura asked. No one confessed, then Yura took a knife and cut off the inscriptions.

Tips for a teacher: Students’ responses to assessing situations should be something like this.

1. When going on an overnight camping trip, you should take a sleeping bag, etc. with you so as not to cause damage to the forest.

2. A fire should not be lit unless necessary, but if it is needed, use an old fire pit to prevent the ground from being burned. The fireplace should not be near trees. The fire is always carefully extinguished.

3. You cannot take anything from the nest - the bird may abandon the hatched egg.

4, 5. Wild animals, their young and chicks cannot be taken away from the natural environment. Animals raised in captivity are unadapted to life in nature.

6. There are very few beautiful butterflies left in nature. You can’t catch them, much less put them in a matchbox. The butterfly will hit the walls of the box, the wings will become frayed and, most likely, it will have to be thrown away. You can only catch cabbage white butterflies indefinitely.

7. The puppy must be found, otherwise it will become a stray. In early spring, when birds are sitting on their nests and chicks are hatching, you should not take dogs into the forest, as they will scare the birds.

8. In nature, listen to silence or sounds of nature.

9. You can pick flowers in nature only in very limited quantities. Water lilies cannot be picked, because they are listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus due to their rarity. If you come across blooming bird cherry trees on a hike, you need to explain to the children that you cannot disfigure the tree by breaking all the branches indiscriminately and taking away huge armfuls from the forest, especially since medicinal berries will appear in place of the flowers. You only need to cut off a small number of branches.

10. Forests, meadows, and banks of water bodies are not a place for burying garbage. All waste after vacation should be taken with you to the city, especially glassware and synthetic packaging. There are no organisms in nature that would decompose them. Digging holes for garbage means increasing your impact on nature.

11. Throwing anything into bodies of water is unacceptable. Water is the habitat of plants and animals, and it is impossible to turn them into a cemetery for all sorts of rubbish just because it is not visible under water. The possibility of fishing and the usefulness of our recreation depend on the cleanliness of the reservoir. In addition, when swimming in such a body of water, you can get sick or injure your arm or leg.

12. You cannot burn plastic film, foam rubber products, or plastics. Very harmful substances formed during combustion will enter the air. In addition, resin remains in the ground, which does not decompose naturally. All this must be taken to the city and thrown into containers.

13. Food is never burned. There is always someone in nature who will eat it: an animal or a fish in a pond.

14. Anyone who carves inscriptions on trees or stones is uncultured, but Yura should not have caused a new injury to the tree.

Tourist relay race

Target: popularization of knowledge, skills and abilities in the field of tourism and local history.

Tasks:

attracting students to a healthy lifestyle;

improving tourism skills and abilities;

fostering a sense of camaraderie, collectivism, mutual assistance,

mutual support.

Equipment: camping equipment, stopwatch, game landmarks, task cards, cards with names of nodes, images of mushrooms.

The relay race is designed for middle school students.

Order of tasks:

1. Pack your backpack.

It is very important for a tourist to pack his backpack correctly. You need to not forget anything and at the same time not to take too much, to pack things correctly. The team coordinates the packing of the backpack, fastens each of its straps and puts it on one of their team members. The judge records the final result. The team members then quickly remove the contents of the backpack and lay it out as it was originally.

2. Tying knots.

Team members draw a card with the name of a knot from among the following: straight, double conductor, figure eight, grasping, one end conductor, bowline, stirrup - and tie each of their own knots.

3. Overcoming the swamp.

Each participant takes turns jumping over the bumps, stepping on them with one foot (10 bumps).

Each participant uses a pendulum to cover a distance of 3 - 4 m.

5. Green pharmacy.

Anything can happen on a hike: you’ll cut yourself or rub your leg. What to do? Where can I get the medicine? And it grows in front of you! Find out the medicinal plant by description and write its name on the task card.

Task card

Description of the plant and its medicinal properties

Plant name

The leaves of this plant are large and complex. At the top of the stem there are a large number of white, pink, purple flowers. The roots have medicinal properties. Used as a sedative.

valerian

A thorny shrub with fruits that are colored

orange to dark purple and sour-sweet taste. Used to treat anemia, eye and kidney diseases.

rose hip

A perennial early flowering plant, common on clay slopes and ravines. Used as

anti-inflammatory agent for diseases of the upper

respiratory tract.

coltsfoot

An aquatic plant growing on the banks of ponds and lakes, large in size with a thick creeping rhizome and a flower arrow with a powerful cob, seated with small greenish flowers.

calamus

6. Setting up the tent.

The team sets up a tent. When the task is completed, the team lines up near the erected tent.

7. Mushroom picking.

We need to collect mushrooms for soup. On the site there are cards with images of various mushrooms. Team members must take turns bringing only edible mushrooms to their team basket.

Assortment of edible mushrooms: russula, porcini mushroom, boletus, honey mushrooms, chanterelles, boletus, red mushrooms, saffron milk caps, milk mushrooms, boletus.

Assortment of poisonous mushrooms: fly agaric, toadstool, false honey mushrooms.

8. Types of fires.

Build fires from prepared logs - “star”, “hut”, “well”.

Summarizing. Winner's reward ceremony.

A game "Trail of Trials"

Target: identify the potential of children in the intellectual, sports and tourism spheres.

Tasks:

help the teacher identify leaders in the squad;

promote the formation and cohesion of a team through the joint activities of children and adults while walking the trail;

contribute to the disclosure of the child’s personality in new conditions.

Idea: There is a detachment of teachers "Flame". The rest don't have names. The squad receives a name after passing the test trail. The best team gets a prize.

Progress:

1. Gathering of units on the line. Parting words. Distribution of route sheets. Start.

2. Walking the test path.

3. Final line. Presentation of prizes.

Conditions:

1. The teacher must be with the group.

2. Points and fines are earned at Trail stations. The winner is the squad with the most points and the least penalty.

Stations:

1. Song. Given a letter, there are more songs for it. Either it's the theme of the song or it's the beginning of the line.

2. Tourist site.

Swamp-tussocks

Cobweb

Electric wall

Pendulum

3. Memorina. In half a minute, remember 20 items and list them.

4. Medical.

a) Choose the correct answer to the questions about first aid.

For burns:

Treat with alcohol;

Open the bubble and treat with iodine;

Apply cold, cover with a clean cloth.

For bruises:

Apply a hot compress.

For abrasions and cuts:

Lubricate the skin around the wound with iodine, apply a bandage with a clean bandage;

Pour iodine over the wound and apply a clean bandage;

Apply a clean bandage;

For bruises:

Apply a pressure bandage, apply cold;

Treat with iodine, apply a sterile bandage;

Apply a hot compress.

If you rub your foot:

Take off your shoes, walk barefoot - if there is redness, lubricate with Vaseline, bandage, put on shoes that fit your feet;

Take off your shoes, treat the callus with brilliant green and move on.

b) Give the situation (fracture) and transportation to the next station.

5. Portrait of the squad. Draw a tourist (blindfolded).

6. Intellectual. 10 questions per squad. 2 points for a complete answer.

What plant is called a friend of pedestrians? Why? Where does it grow?

(Plantain. Its leaves reduce pain from abrasions, calluses, insect bites. It grows along roadsides and in fields.)

Which tree is the most common in Belarusian forests?

(Pine. It occupies 58% of the forest area of ​​the republic.)

Which mushroom is the most poisonous? (Death cap.)

Soft, not fluff, green, not grass. (Moss.)

Why should you not touch eggs in nests with your hands? (The bird may abandon the nest.)

What large animals living in Belarusian forests are protected? (Bison, elk.)

Which plant in our waters has the largest flowers? (At the white water lily.)

In the forest, the pot is boiling, boiling, and not boiling away. (Anthill.)

Eating which wild berry improves vision? (Blueberries.)

What trees are a "dining room" for birds? (Rowan, bird cherry.)

7. Sports. 20 shots into a basketball basket. Number of hits.

Sports and tourist game “Test yourself”

Conditions

The “Test Yourself” competition game consists of separate stages. At every stage

the team completes the tasks. A participant who fails to complete the task is eliminated from the game. At the next stage, the team is sent without this participant. The winners are determined by the largest number of participants reaching the finish line. In case of equality in the shortest time to complete the distance.

Teams will start one by one in 5 minutes.

Judges insure participants during the stages.

List of stages:

1 .« Hanging Gardens"

Ropes are hung between the trees in a certain way (vines, cobwebs, crossing, etc.). All stages take place without touching the ground. For any touching of the ground, the participant is eliminated.

2. "Pendulum" (Bungee)

U private traders cover the distance between the control lines, holding onto a rope or rope with their hands. For any touching of the ground, the participant is eliminated.

3.“Wonderful staircase”

Participants crawl along a horizontal rope ladder without touching the ground. For any touching of the ground, the participant is eliminated.

4."Butterfly"

The participant walks with his feet along the bottom rope, holding onto the top rope with his hands. For falling or any contact with the ground, the participant is eliminated.

5 .“Bumps” Team members are tied with one rope at a distance of 3 meters from each other. A team in a team passes through an imaginary swamp along “bumps” drawn in chalk. If a participant falls, they are eliminated.

6 .“Crossing on swinging logs” Holding onto the railing, participants need to cross the swinging log. Fall of a participant – elimination.

7. "Mousetrap."

Team members overcome obstacles in the form of high (climb) and low (step over) gates. The main thing is not to knock down the top bar.

8 .“Blind traverse” Participants with their eyes closed go through the “Traverse” stage, holding on to the rope. If there is more than 1 participant on one flight, the one who is second on the flight is eliminated.

Sports and tourism game

"Autumn Paths"

Conditions

From stage to stage, participants move in teams of 10 people.

Before the start, each team is given a runner card. It notes: team name, class, list of stages. All teams (classes) start at the same time. Each team has its own stage 1 on the card, and the team must start the game with it.

Having passed the 1st station, the team moves to any free station.

At each station, the stage judges put the points earned by the team on a running card, which is kept by the team leader.

The team leaves the station only after all participants have completed the task and the judge has added points to the card.

The result is calculated based on the number of points scored.

List of stages:

"Web".

It is necessary to walk one at a time, passing a 9 m grid located at a height of 1.5 m, without touching the objects hung on it. For a successful participant, the team receives 1 point.

" Minefield".

One person from the team takes part. Blindfolded, you need to collect objects scattered in a fenced area in 1 minute. The team helps him with tips. The winner is determined by the most collected items.

"Team photo"

The team must line up for the photo. The more interesting they become, the better. When summing up, the following parameters are taken into account: the presence of the name of the figure, a mini-presentation or a short message about the choice of the figure (in 2-3 sentences), unusualness. A team can earn up to 10 points at this stage.

“Chant competition.”

When summing up the results, the following conditions are taken into account: the chant - “chant” must represent a mini-presentation of the class (8-12 verses) with the restructuring of the group with sound design, be clear in pronunciation and synchronous in execution, have an original text, use various objects for speeches.

A team can earn up to 10 points at this stage.

"Snake".

Participants stand one after another in a “train”; it is necessary to pass between the obstacles in a “snake” manner, squatting, each subsequent participant holding the previous one by the waist or shoulders (the main thing is not to uncouple). Successful passage = 10 points, unsuccessful (at least one pin is knocked down, or the “snake” breaks) = -1 point from 10 for each case.

"Float the song."

Participants in a choir must perform as many songs as possible on the theme “Autumn.” How many songs you remembered, so many points you earned (1 for each). If the song is performed by everyone in unison, the participants do not lose their way, then the judge can give bonus points, i.e. for a well-performed song, a team can receive not 1, but 2 points.

"Sports"

1 participant stands facing the team and shows movements on the topic “morning exercises”. The whole team must repeat the movements. The synchronicity of execution is assessed. You can earn a maximum of 10 points.

"Jumpers."

Participants of 2 people jump on jump ropes, and they must jump in different ways (for example: 1st on two legs, and 2nd on one, etc.) 10 times each. If a participant has jumped less than 10 times, he does not receive a point.

Sports and tourism game

"Pirates of the Caribbean"

Conditions

The game is designed for children 10-17 years old. The commands go through all the stations sequentially (according to the map). The team stays at each station for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, a signal is given and the teams must run to another station. All stations are within sight. For a completed task, the team receives a token. At the end of the game, the number of tokens is counted: the team with the most tokens wins - it receives a treasure (chocolate medals-money) and a prize, the other teams receive certificates and prizes.

List of stages:

1 .Visiting the sea witch:

The team captain portrays the animals wished for by the judge-witch, but he is not allowed to make a sound. The team must guess the animal. For each animal guessed, the team receives a token.

2. Marksmen:

Each participant is given 1 cone. The competitors are placed at a distance of 2.5-3 m from the bucket, into which they must throw as many cones as possible. The team receives a token for each abandoned cone.

Z. Treasure:

1 person from the team is blindfolded, and he draws the object that was hidden by the judge, and the team guesses it. If they succeed, they receive a token.

4. Indian:

The team pulls out a task and performs a ritual dance (initiation as a member of the tribe, the leader’s birthday, a successful hunt, a wedding, etc.).

5. Captured by Captain Flint:

All participants balance on one leg. The team receives a token for each person who lasts 5 minutes.

6.Sirens:

The team draws a card with the name of the song and the task (sing the song “from a smile...” in a military, Russian folk style, like a lullaby, etc.).

7. Quiz - “Around the World”:

The team pulls out 5 cards with questions. For each correct answer, the team receives a token.

1. A spring gushing out from under the ground. (Spring)

2.The coldest spots on earth. (North and South Poles)

4. What are the source and mouth of a river (Source is the beginning of a river, mouth is the place where a river flows into another body of water)

5.The traveler who was eaten by the Papuans. (Cook)

6.The hottest place on earth. (Sahara Desert)

7. Natural habitat of elephants. (India and Africa)

8.What do sailors call an object? Which shows them the direction (compass)

9.Chef on a ship. (Cook)

10.Who is the first and last to leave the ship when it sinks? (Rats, captain)

11. Bad omen for sailors. (Woman on a ship)

12. One-legged pirate, with an earring in his ear and a parrot on his shoulder. (Captain Flint)

13.List the famous pirates.

14. A geometric figure in which ships disappear. (Bermuda Triangle)

15.Ghost ship. (Flying Dutchman)

8. Hawaii:

Participants take turns walking under a tight rope. The rope is stretched so low that it is impossible to walk under it while standing at full height. You need to walk by bending backwards, with your legs slightly bent at the knees. If a participant passes without bending back, but leaning forward, then he does not receive a point.

A team can earn no more than 10 points in total.

Quiz game

"To the heights of tourism excellence"

Rules of the game

The chalkboard displays the names of the game topics and five cells, under each section, for the question number.

When answering question No. 1, the team receives 1 point, and when answering question No. 5, five points.

topography

orientation

medicine

tourism

mountains

5

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

1

2

3

4

5

The more points you get for an answer, the more difficult the question.

The team with 10 points is the winner of the round. (4–15, 6–10)

The losing team is eliminated from the game according to the Olympic system.

Teams are given 1 minute to discuss the question and prepare an answer.

When the time allocated for preparing an answer expires, the question is removed, and the right to move remains with the same team.

To confirm your answer, you must first light the lamp by pressing the button.

If the answer is incorrect or incomplete, the right to answer is given to the opponents.

Questions for the quiz.

Topography

What does a crooked dotted line (path) mean?

Define scale (the degree of reduction in length on the map compared to the terrain)

What does the sign mean - a triangle, and inside a circle (point of the state geodetic network)

Scale 1:25000, distance on the map 6 cm, what is the distance on the ground (1.5 km = 1500 m = 150000cm)

To which group of topographical signs does the sign – deforestation (soil and vegetation cover) belong?

Orientation

1. Which star is easy to navigate by (polar star)

   What geometric figure on the map indicates the beginning of orientation (triangle)

   The angle measured clockwise from the north direction to a given landmark is called? (azimuth)

   What is the azimuth of the direction to the west (270 degrees)

   What is the name of the creator of the most popular compass in Russia? (Adrianov's compass)

Medicine

Which bleeding is the safest (capillary)

At what degree of burn do blisters filled with clear liquid appear on the skin (with a 2nd degree burn)

What type of wound is puncture in nature (puncture wounds)

What kind of bandage is applied for venous bleeding (pressure)

What is the sequence of artificial ventilation of the lungs and chest compressions when performed by one person (2 breaths - 15 pressures)

Tourism

Position of the camp participant responsible for food (manager, caterer)

Which group of nodes does the straight node belong to (linking group)

What material is the camping mat made of (polyurethane foam)

What is the length in km. Hiking trip of the 1st category of difficulty (130 km.)

What is the distance equal to the length of one rope (100 meters)

Mountains

Name the highest mountain on earth and how tall it is (Everest - 8848 m)

What is the name of the highest point of the Ural Mountains and what is its height (Narodnaya -1895 m)

On the planet Mars there is the highest mountain in the solar system. What is it called and what is its approximate height (Olympus - 27,000 meters)

TOURIST QUIZ

1. Name several signs of weather forecasting. Signs of clear weather, but clouds, smoke, wind, temperature, fog in the morning and evening dawns; signs of rain: by the stars (at night), dawn, clouds, smoke, temperature, wind - by evening. Signs of the weather based on the behavior of spiders and “barometer colors.”
2. How to navigate by the clock and local objects?
3. Name edible and poisonous mushrooms and berries.
4. How to choose a place to rest?
5. How to make an estimate for a trip?
6. What are the rules for driving along the route?
7. How to properly keep a hiking diary?

ORIENTATION QUIZ
1. On any sunny day, you can accurately determine the direction “south-north”. At noon, the sun is located above the south point. How to determine the moment of local noon?
2. At what time is the sun in the south according to our clocks?
3. The sun rises approximately in the east and sets in the west. When does it occur in the east, southeast, south, southwest and west?
4. Sometimes we call one of the sides of a place northern, and the opposite - southern. Having divided our forest clearing, name the signs of the northern and southern directions on it.
5. It is widely believed that north is easy to determine by the development of branches, crown and annual rings on stumps. Is it possible to determine the north in the forest in this way?
6. Tree bark around tree trunks is not uniform. On the one hand, it is rougher, on the other - more elastic, smoother. Is there a connection here with the sides of the horizon?
7. You, of course, have seen stones covered with moss and lichen. How can you find out the direction to the north using such stones?
8. Did you know that plants can serve as a “compass”? Name the plants by which you can determine the northern direction?
9. The fruits of various plants and berries in an open area ripen equally on all sides. In this regard, how can one determine where north is by looking at fruits and berries?
10. North is often determined by the North Star, which is found by the constellation Ursa Major. What constellations, besides Ursa Major, can be used to determine the north-south direction?
Answers to the orienteering quiz:
1. The shortest shadow in the sun corresponds to the moment of local noon.
2. About 13 o'clock. In 1930, based on a Government decree, the clock hands in the USSR were moved forward an hour.
3. It happens in the east at about 7 o'clock; about 10 o'clock - in the southeast; about 13 o'clock - in the south; about 16 hours in the southwest; about 19 o'clock - in the west.
4. In the first half of summer in a forest clearing, taller grass occurs on the southern side of individual trunks or tall stumps; in the second half of summer, the grass on all sides of the tree trunk is the same; those located on the southern side become yellow faster than those located on the northern side.
5. No, they are not suitable. In the thicket of the forest, trees block each other from the sun, so the vast majority of trees located in the depths of the forest have branches very rarely elongated in a southerly direction. The same applies to the increased gaps between annual rings on stumps.
6. Yes, there is. The trunk of a pine tree is usually covered with a secondary crust, which forms earlier on the northern side of the trunk, and therefore it is higher than on the southern side. On birch trees, the bark is lighter and more elastic on the southern side of the trunk.
7. Moss and lichen usually cover the northern part of the stones (boulders).
8. The flowers of the string and sunflower turn to follow the sun during the day and are never turned to the north. The leaves of wild lettuce (“compassnik”) are turned with their edges towards the zenith, and the planes of the leaves are facing east and west.
9. In an open forest area, berries and fruits during the ripening period acquire the color of the south side earlier. This means that north will be on the opposite side.
10. The north-south direction can be determined by the following constellations:
a) in December, around midnight, Orion points almost exactly south;
b) Gemini is located above the south point in December around midnight, Canis Minor - in January;
c) the constellation Leo is above the point of the south in March around midnight;
d) in May, around midnight, the constellation Bootes is located above the point of the south;
e) the constellations Cygnus and Aquila are in the south approximately during July and August around midnight;
f) Pegasus is located above the south point in September around midnight.

CAMPFIRE QUIZ
1. Do you know why dry wood burns better than wet wood?
2. We start lighting a fire using small wood chips, brushwood, and dry spruce branches; they burn better.

Why?
3. Do you know what a fire flame is? Does it look like the glowing filament of a vacuum tube?

4. If the weather is calm, then the flames and smoke of the fire rise upward. What pulls them from the earth?
5. You, of course, heard that the fire was crackling. And why?
6. It happens more than once that a spark from a fire burns through a tourist’s clothes. But what are the sparks of a fire? Aren't they the same as the sparks that jump when electrical wires break?
7. The smoke of the fire rises very high above the ground. This feature is used to send distress signals. What is smoke?
8. Above the fire itself, the smoke rises in an even column, but at a certain height it begins to swirl in curly caps. What makes clubs?
9. You always have to add wood to the fire because it burns. Where is the substance that burns in fire?
10. When the fire goes out, the air above the fire rises upward in a column. Look at some object through this warm stream. You will notice that the object seems to be shaking. Explain this phenomenon.
Answers to questions “About the fire”:
1. With damp wood, which contains a lot of water, part of the heat is spent not on combustion, but on the evaporation of water. Therefore, the combustion process itself is weaker. The steam that envelops the firewood as it dries also interferes.
2. The thinner the kindling, the larger their surface area. Combustion occurs precisely on the surface, which means that by increasing it, we facilitate combustion. Small kindlings heat up more easily than large firewood when dry.
3. Flames are streams of hot gases, combustion products, so hot that they themselves emit light. Any body heated to a very high temperature glows. In this way, the flame of a fire resembles the glowing filament of an electric light bulb. At the same time, it doesn’t look like it, since there is no wood in the light bulb.
4. Sometimes they say that warm air is lighter than cold air and rises by itself. This is not true. Warm air itself, although it is lighter than cold air, cannot rise, since it still has weight. It is displaced by the surrounding air, which is colder and sinks under the influence of gravity, which means that if there were no gravity, warm air would not rise.
5. The water and resin that fill the cavities in the wood turn into steam when heated. Accumulating in large quantities and having no outlet, the steam violently tears the walls of the cavities, producing a crackling sound.
6. What sparks from a fire and electric sparks have in common is only the name. Electric sparks are particles of air and metal vapor heated by current. Sparks from a fire are just tiny embers coming off a burning tree.
7. Smoke is particles of solid matter, unburned fuel. These particles are very small, they are a thousand times smaller than dust particles. Smoke particles are so light that they are supported by air currents above the ground and are always in motion.
8. The stream of air rising like a fire is slowed down by friction against the air layers surrounding it. The outer parts of the jet slow down, but the middle continues to move quickly. The air flow swirls and, twisting, forms shapeless clubs.
9. Fuel burns, but not the substance from which it consists. Some of the substance remains on the ground in the form of ash, while some turns into a gaseous state and disperses into the atmosphere.
10. Shivering is caused by the fact that warm air is less dense than cold air. Rays of light hitting our eye pass through this less dense air flow. When moving from a less dense environment to a more dense one, or vice versa, rays of light sparkle, warm streams over the fire systematically sway. Light rays also vibrate with them, this creates the impression of visible objects shaking.

Scenario of a sports event at a summer camp

The sports event scenario is suitable for different ages. The goal of the participants in the sporting event is to win and find the treasure hidden in the camp (the legend of the treasure can be invented depending on what the treasure is). At the beginning, the teams come up with names for themselves and choose captains (1 minute).

I. Only the fastest will find the treasure– relay races (for each stage 1, 2 or 3 points (0 if the team did not cope at all))

1. Relay race with a skipping rope - jump to the checkpoint and return back, the team whose participants cover the distance the fastest wins.
2. Relay race with a skipping rope - take the skipping rope in one hand and jump over the skipping rope to reach the checkpoint, the team whose participants overcome the distance the fastest wins.
3. Relay race with the ball - bring the ball to the control point and return, the team whose participants cover the distance the fastest wins.
4. Relay race with three balls (Cheburashka) - 1 ball is held in your knees, the other two in your hands - you need to run to the checkpoint and return with 3 balls in your hands.
5. Relay race with the ball - bring the ball around the pins with your feet to the control point and return with the ball running, the team whose participants cover the distance the fastest wins.
6. Relay with the ball in pairs - hold the ball between your heads and run to the control point, return with the ball sandwiched between your heads.
7. Relay race with a hoop - jumping over a hoop to get to the checkpoint, return running, with a hoop in hands, the team whose participants cover the distance the fastest wins.
8. Relay race with a hoop and a ball - one team member (captain) stands on the control line with a hoop, team members take turns dribbling the ball to the control point and throwing from there, trying to hit the hoop (basketball) - you can catch balls with the hoop, the team wins, scored the most goals.
9. Relay race with a hoop and pins - roll the hoop around the pins, trying not to knock it down, to the checkpoint, then run back with the hoop in your hand.
10. Relay race with skittles (collect all the skittles) - there are skittles at the checkpoint (you can paste pictures of things necessary when searching for treasure and things that are useless - choose what you need (for speed and intelligence, “wrong” pins can be discarded so that other participants spend less time to choose)) participants run up, take 1 pin and return, the team that collects all the pins wins.

II. Search for a map. Team members must find map pieces (hints) hidden in various objects on the camp territory (each in their own square) (teams must be clearly instructed where to look and what to look for). By collecting these pieces together, you can read the clue (riddle) and determine where there is a treasure. At this stage, teams receive 3, 2 and 1 points.

Literature

1. Baranova, N. P. Mosaic of children's recreation / N. P. Baranova. - Minsk: NMCentr, 1996.

2. Bardin, K.V. ABC of tourism / K.V. Bardin. - Minsk, 2003.

3. Verzilin, N. M. In the footsteps of Robinson / N. M. Verzilin. - Minsk, 1982.

4. Vladimirov, V.V. Methodological recommendations for organizing and conducting local history and tourism work/ V.V. Vladimirov, L.E. Dutova. - Tambov, 1982.

5. Kokorev, Yu. M. Tourism - school of education / Yu. M. Kokorev. - Minsk: Polymya, 1982.

6. Minaeva, V. M. Journey into the world of native nature / V. M. Minaeva. - Minsk, 2000.

7. Makarevich, E. A. Weekend hikes / E. A. Makarevich. - Minsk: Polymya, 1985.

8. Organization of summer holidays for children and teenagers: a guide for organizers of children's holidays. - Minsk: Mastatskaya Literature, 2000.

9. Tourist's companion. – Moscow, 1963.

10. 1000 + 1 advice to tourists: School of survival / N. B. Sadikova. - Minsk: Modern writer, 2002.

Chapter 18. Methodology for organizing and conducting mass tourism events

Work of the tourist section of the physical culture team

The main links in the system of organizing and conducting mass tourism work are tourist sections (tourist clubs) of physical culture groups of enterprises, organizations, institutions, collective and state farms, higher and secondary specialized educational institutions, State PTU, secondary schools, Palaces and Houses of Pioneers, specialized tourist children's institutions (stations for young tourists). A significant contribution to the organization of mass tourist trips is also made by tourist bases of trade unions and departments, sports and recreational and pioneer camps.

The main tasks of the tourist section (tourist club) of the physical education team are to educate tourists in the spirit of the moral principles of the builder of communism; involving workers and students in tourism and other physical culture and sports activities for the purpose of their spiritual and physical development, health promotion, and organizing active recreation.

The most important aspect of the activities of the tourist section is organizational and propaganda work on the broad development and improvement of mass amateur tourism, the fullest use of its capabilities in order to improve the ideological, political, labor and moral education of the younger generation, strengthen the health and rational use of free time of workers, comprehensive harmonious development of personality, formation of an active life position and a healthy lifestyle.

The main directions and sections of the section’s work can be briefly presented as follows:

Organization of mass tourism events: tourist rallies of teams, competitions in types of tourism and military-applied skills, weekend hikes, including qualifying hikes in the GTO complex, hikes for the "USSR Tourist" badge, star propaganda hikes to places of revolutionary, combat and labor glory of the Communist Party and the Soviet people. Tourist sections of physical education groups are called upon to develop trips that would combine educational, educational, health and sports objectives.

Extensive propaganda and agitation work aimed at involving workers and members of their families, students in weekend hikes and multi-day hikes and trips around their native land.

Heroic-patriotic education of youth is effectively carried out with the active participation of tourist sections of physical culture groups together with Komsomol organizations in holding events of the All-Union Campaign and the All-Union Tourist Expedition of Soviet Youth “My Motherland - USSR”, in providing effective practical assistance to campaign headquarters in the development of tourist routes, in strengthening their applied nature. The forms of participation of tourist sections of physical culture groups in the All-Union Campaign are diverse. These include weekend hikes, multi-day hikes for the USSR Tourist badge, star hikes, and sports-mass tourist hikes of category I difficulty in the native land.

The socially useful work of tourists in physical education groups is carried out in a wide variety of directions: in environmental protection measures and forest planting, in organizing weekend tourist routes, in lectures and concerts along hiking routes, in organizing mass tourist work at the place of residence of the population.

The educational and qualification work of the section is carried out with the aim of preparing and improving the qualifications of tourist public assets, in organizing initial tourist training of stages “A” and “B”, in preparing and sending activists of the tourist work of their team to continue training in the system of secondary tourist and instructor training.

The sports qualification work of the section consists of timely preparation of protocols for passing the standards of the GTO complex for tourism, materials for awarding the “Tourist of the USSR” badge, and registration of sports categories in tourism.

The educational and training work of the section is, first of all, the organization of a year-round training process and constant monitoring of the preparation of groups, the organization of various forms of preventive work to ensure safety on hikes and travels, and during public events.

An important section of the section’s work is the holding of tourist evenings and creative competitions: technical creativity of tourists in the development and production of tourist homemade products, artistic creativity (competitions of tourist and military-patriotic songs, slides, slide films, photographs, films, tourist badges and emblems).

Finally, a section of work on logistics for events, acquisition and production, repair and storage of tourist equipment and special equipment.

The highest form of organizing mass tourism work in a physical culture team is a tourist club, which can be organized on the basis of the tourist section of an enterprise, organization, institution, educational institution, provided that at least 300 people are involved in regular amateur tourism activities, as well as subject to a number of other conditions . The most important of them are the systematic holding of hikes, tourist rallies and competitions; annual training of elite athletes in tourism; availability of qualified tourism assets for holding events; availability of points for issuing tourist equipment and a library of tourist literature.

Organizers of mass tourism work need to clearly understand that the difference between the tourist section and the tourist club of the physical education team is not only quantitative, but above all qualitative. Only when all of the above sections of work are performed by the tourist section at a good level, when the majority of team members participate in tourist activities: weekend hikes. tourist rallies, creative competitions, when a seminar of initial tourist training runs systematically and not occasionally, when work is underway in the tourist section to prepare and improve the qualifications of the section’s assets, it is possible to resolve issues about creating a tourist club on the basis of the section.

The tourist club of the physical education team has significantly greater capabilities than the section in almost all areas of mass work. This primarily concerns the organization and conduct of rallies and mass multi-day tourist trips. The tourist club has every opportunity to conduct seminars on initial tourist training of the second stage (training leaders of hikes of the first category of complexity), and to create its own route-qualification commission, which improves the methodology for organizing and conducting such hikes.

In the work of the tourist section (tourist club) of the physical culture team, the main attention is paid to introducing newcomers to tourism, organizing and conducting weekend trips, fulfilling the regulatory requirements of the GTO complex for tourism, initial training of beginners in tourism skills, organizing and conducting tourist rallies, as well as together with the Komsomol and other public organizations, to carry out the events of the All-Union Campaign.

The work of the tourist section of the physical education team is managed by the section bureau, and the tourist club is led by the club board, elected annually at general meetings of the section or club. The structure of the section bureau or club board corresponds to the range of their tasks outlined above. In various sections of work (tourism promotion, training of tourist public personnel, route work, holding rallies, competitions, participation in the events of the All-Union hike, organizing weekend hikes, organizing category hikes by type of tourism: hiking, skiing, water, mountain, cycling) are organized commissions. It is the commissions responsible for certain sections of work and types of tourism that organize and conduct mass tourism events in accordance with the work plan of the section or club.

An important organizing and methodological role in the activities of the tourist section or tourist club of a physical culture group is played by a stand system of long-term and operational information, promotion of tourist events, as well as stands containing visual material on the organization and conduct of mass tourist trips. An example of the organization of long-term and operational information is the stand “Our tourist section” (Fig. 20).

Rice. 20. Stand "Our tourist section"

Organization of weekend trips. Tourist standards of the GTO complex

One of the most important tasks of the tourist section of the physical culture team is to actively participate in promoting a healthy lifestyle, in attracting workers and members of their families (and in educational institutions - pupils and students) to engage in tourism.

Weekend hikes (one- or two-day) are carried out in the form of: tourist walks, i.e., mass, non-credit health-improving events; qualifying hikes for the GTO badge and the “Young Tourist” and “USSR Tourist” badges; a two-day training trip for students of the seminar “Initial Tourist Training “A””, aimed at training leaders of weekend trips. One- and two-day weekend trips are conducted in the same way as training ones for tourist groups preparing for a multi-day trip.

Serious attention should be paid to the difference in the goals and objectives of weekend hikes, carried out in the form of fairly regular tourist walks and qualifying hikes in the GTO complex.

Unfortunately, in many cases, the organizers of the acceptance of the standards of the GTO complex for tourism extremely simplify the “procedure”, limiting themselves to “walking” trips. However, the norms of the complex, which are as simple as possible for a given length of routes, are supplemented with a significant remark: “with testing of tourist skills,” i.e. the main emphasis is not on mileage (although for a one-day hike of a given length it is quite enough), but on testing the tourist skills of those taking the test norms/

During the hike, the following tourist knowledge and skills are tested: terrain orientation (in the open and in the forest) using a map and compass, choosing a place to set up a bivouac, setting up a tent, lighting a fire, cooking, choosing a way to overcome artificial and natural obstacles, the ability to provide first aid assistance in case of injuries and accidents.

In accordance with the Regulations, qualifying trips to the GTO complex are carried out as one-day trips. There is a definite reason for this: the fewer groups poorly prepared in bivouac techniques on routes in green areas (recreation areas) close to cities, the fewer additional problems in ensuring nature protection.

The length of the qualifying trek routes is small: BGTO III-5 - 6 km, BGTO IV - 12 km, GTO 1 - 20-25 km, GTO II - 20 km, GTO III - 15 km. But at the same time, it is necessary to keep in mind two circumstances: firstly, even with such a short length, completing the route requires (for hiking along the I-III stages of the GTO) at least 4-6 hours, and secondly, the length of the route is an indicator necessary, but not insufficient. It is the adoption of standards for knowledge and skills that is more important. Thus, in the 1985 edition of the complex, the section “Requirements for the weekly motor regime” was introduced. According to these requirements, all those passing the standards of the complex in stages II-III (i.e., all citizens aged 18 to 60 years and older) are encouraged to systematically, weekly, independent tourist hikes (walks) or to accelerate walking up to 30-35 km . And everyone who passes the standards of the complex from the 1st stage of the GTO to the 3rd stage of the GTO is recommended to have weekly ski trips from 8-10 km for children to 30-35 km for adults. Consequently, the qualifying campaign is assigned the functions of a control event.

To organize such control, quite a lot of organizational and methodological work is required. The most effective means here is the preparation of marked routes with appropriate equipment for places to meet standards for tourist knowledge and skills. The very formula used in the “Regulations on the TRP” (knowledge and skills) implies their testing both in theoretical (using cards) and in practical (at pre-prepared distances) aspects.

A one-day hike does not require special preparation of bivouac equipment and food, but small backpacks can significantly expand the capabilities of participants. Indeed, it is not advisable to prepare food on a one-day hike: participants have breakfast at home, will have dinner upon their return, and on the route, during rest stops, you can have a camp lunch, for which you should take sandwiches and thermoses with you. But this is on a hike, a “walking” trip, a family one. If the hike is carried out as a test for the GTO complex, then you need to take with you a certain amount of equipment required to organize the acceptance of the GTO complex standards for tourist skills.

When passing the standards for tourist skills, knowledge and skills must be demonstrated in four components: orienteering technique, movement overcoming natural obstacles on rough terrain, tourist bivouac technique, and knowledge of techniques for providing first aid to the victim (Table 10 and Fig. 21).

Table 10.

Analysis of the requirements of the GTO complex for tourism knowledge, skills and abilities

Rice. 21

Acceptance of standards for tourism skills can be organized in the form of a test, performing exercises or participation of those passing the standards of the GTO complex in educational and control competitions. The last form, as the most meaningful and effective, is discussed in detail below.

For weekend hikes and multi-day non-category hikes, the application, route and reporting document is simultaneously the route sheet issued to the group by the conducting organization. The route sheet indicates: the name of the organization conducting the hike; last name, first name and patronymic of the leader of the campaign; numerical and roster composition of the group; calendar plan and route diagram. The route sheet is registered with the conducting organization (route sheet number, signature of the head of the conducting organization - director, chairman of the trade union committee or sports club, seal of the conducting organization), and is filed after the hike. Along the route, at control points, marks (signatures and seals) are made. Based on the route sheet, a protocol for passing the standards of the RLD complex for tourism is drawn up; on the basis of route sheets for several hikes, which in total meet the requirements for the “Young Tourist” and “USSR Tourist” badges, appropriate protocols are drawn up on awarding their participants with badges (when making a multi-day non-category hike for the “USSR Tourist” badge, such a protocol is drawn up immediately).

The work of the tourist section in training leaders of weekend hikes

The organization by the tourist section of the physical culture group of training for weekend hike leaders is not only an important component of all educational work, but also a significant contribution to solving the general problem of organizing and managing mass amateur tourism. It is important to keep in mind that the number of tourist sections and tourist clubs per city (district) tourist club amounts to many tens and hundreds. For these reasons, city and regional tourist clubs are considered only as consulting and methodological centers for tourist work, and all organizational and managerial activities in tourist sections are the business of the section itself. Under these conditions, training the first level of managers of mass tourism work is the most essential aspect of the activities of tourist sections.

Not only a quantitative, but also a qualitative solution to the problem of training leaders of weekend trips is dictated primarily by the requirements of the Regulations on the GTO complex: for beginners in tourism, the requirements of the complex establish a wide range of questions on knowledge, skills and abilities (see Table 10).

In accordance with the Regulations on the All-Union Physical Culture Complex "Ready for Labor and Defense of the USSR" and the Regulations on tourist public? personnel, the management of a weekend tourist trip (including a qualifying tourist trip through the GTO complex) is entrusted to a leader who has training in the scope of the Initial Tourist Training "A" (NTP-A) program, which corresponds to the previously existing training program for tourist organizers.

The program of the first stage of initial tourist training, i.e. NTP-A, is implemented at seminars working according to a curriculum of 40 hours, including 24 hours. theoretical and methodological training (lectures, seminars and practical classes - in the classroom and on the training ground) and 16 hours. practical training - during a two-day training trip.

From 24 hours. The NTP-A curriculum allocates 18 hours for theoretical and methodological preparation at the lecture. It is envisaged that during the lectures, students will learn almost completely the material of the six topics of the first section of the curriculum ("Main directions of mass tourism work"), namely: "Main directions of tourist and excursion business in the USSR", "Tourism in the All-Union Physical Culture Complex GTO", “Basic information from the Rules”, “Tourist section and tourist club of the physical culture team”, “Tourist opportunities of the native land”, “Protection of nature, historical and cultural monuments”. It is also envisaged that during the lectures, students will learn approximately half of the material in the second section of the curriculum (“Organization, preparation and conduct of a campaign”). It is very difficult. The effectiveness of training requires maximum attention from the seminar organizers to providing the educational process with technical teaching aids (slides, films, posters, tables, etc.). The following stands will also provide significant assistance in conducting classes: “Tourism in the GTO complex”, “Weekend hiking routes” (Fig. 22) and “Hiking routes in our region” (Fig. 23).

Rice. 22. Weekend hiking routes

Rice. 23. Hiking routes around our region

Methodological lessons on the topics of the second section of the curriculum are conducted indoors in the form of seminars, and in the form of practical exercises - on site. The former are most effective when the educational process is well supported by technical means, the latter - if carried out at specially prepared training grounds.

Students receive the main amount of practice on the topics of the second section of the curriculum in the process of organizing, preparing, conducting and summing up the results of a two-day training trip. The acquisition of the necessary practical knowledge, skills and abilities at a level sufficient for future leaders of weekend hikes is also achieved by the most effective use of technical training tools. In this case, this is, first of all, good equipment (marking, careful selection of bivouac locations, their equipment, equipment of intermediate ranges, or “stations”) for practicing and accepting standards for orienteering techniques, bivouac, overcoming natural obstacles, providing first aid and transporting the victim. With this approach, the route of the training trip itself becomes an important addition to its main, pre-equipped sections. At the same time, on the route (20-25 km long), the tasks of special physical, psychological and tactical training of trainees are solved, as well as practical training of future leaders in organizing the group’s movement, choosing a movement path, dead reckoning, etc.

Control standards and educational competitions

Orientation on the "azimuth route". Elements of orienteering techniques, including working with a compass (moving in a given direction or, somewhat more difficult in the case of working with a “white map”, with independent establishment of azimuth) and measuring distances, as well as searching for a control point using this “legend”, are important elements of orienteering techniques and leading exercises to orienteering. After studying the symbols of sports maps, beginners can try their hand at the distance of orienteering competitions.

Competitions in orienteering techniques on an azimuthal route are of an educational and control nature. When passing the standards of the GTO complex, the distance of such competitions may include a minimum number (2) of control points (CP) and together. with the start-finish point forms a closed triangle with a total distance of 200 to 500 m. The distance of training competitions during the trek of students of the seminar “Initial tourist training “A” can be extended to 800-1000 m with an increase in the number of control points to 4-6.

The distance must be carefully thought out and planned.

The following conditions must be met:

The entire path of movement must be passable; it is unacceptable to plan it (even for short sections) through areas of impassable forest; there should be no obstacles such as fences, deep ditches, ditches and ravines, streams and other water obstacles, which, in competitions with a map, orienteers “see” in advance and have a real opportunity to bypass;
- there should not be a single potentially dangerous section: it should be remembered that on the “azimuth route” the movement is made only by compass and in a straight line, so the participant does not expect any surprises;
- you should choose a competition area with very clear boundaries; Such competitions are designed for beginners - even the slightest possibility of getting lost should be excluded.

Compliance with these conditions is achieved primarily by choosing the location of the competition. If the organizer of the competition (teacher, trek leader, other person responsible for conducting training sessions or receiving standards), who in this case performs the duties of the head of the distance, has a map of a suitable area, then planning the distance is significantly simplified: using the map it is easy to select a convenient starting place - finish line, landmarks for placing the checkpoint, and most importantly, quickly determine the distance parameters. Preparing a course in the absence of a map naturally requires much more effort and time, however, even in this case, the head of the course with two or three assistants will ensure its preparation in 3-4 hours (it is recommended to start by preparing the simplest, most generalized map of the selected area terrain, which ultimately will significantly simplify the planning and equipment of the distance).

An important aspect of the work is equipping the distance with control points. Without them, the competitor cannot be sure that he completed the stage correctly. In addition, the absence of a checkpoint with one way or another of marking does not allow controlling the movement of the participants, and competitions turn into only performing an exercise.

But it's not only that. As already mentioned, one of the significant tasks of educational competitions in orienteering techniques without a map is to prepare their participants for sports orienteering - the most important means of training tourists not only in the narrow sense of improving the technique and tactics of orienteering on the ground, but much more broadly - in increasing general and special physical fitness, as well as psychological preparedness for hiking. Therefore, equipping the distance with control points with all the required attributes (standard prism, providing marks with pencils, punchers, issuing a “legend” to participants) highly contributes to the preparation of novice tourists for mass orienteering competitions, since the search for a checkpoint using a given “legend” and mark it is included in the “rules of the game”.

In this sense, it is also important to ensure the complete design of the “start-finish” place: install the “Start” and “Finish” banners, equip the start and finish corridors according to the rules of orienteering, hang the start time changeover clock and start protocols, prepare a stretched cord for hanging tear-off "slips" from participants' cards to provide information about their results. All these additional events are of an important educational nature for mastering the topic “Organization and holding of mass competitions in orienteering and tourist technology.”

The head of the course, after selecting the start-finish place and landmarks for placing checkpoints with distances between them no more than 200-250 m, clarifies (if the distance is planned using a map) or carefully measures (if the distance is planned without a map) directions and distances. The direction of each segment (azimuth) is measured with a liquid compass with an accuracy of +1° (but is recorded rounded to even values), and the distances are measured in steps with an accuracy of 5% (recorded with a rounding of 10 m).

It is advisable to end each section of the path (distance stage) in a place that serves as a reliable point, or short linear, or small area landmark (the top of a hill, a separate stone, a bend in the road or an intersection of paths, an edge corner). A control sign (standard or homemade in the shape of a red and white prism) with its number, as well as a password (numeric, alphabetic, verbal) is fixed on the landmark, because writing the password in the participant’s personal card is the easiest way to control the distance. Another way for a participant to mark the passage of a checkpoint is with a colored pencil or a composter on their card. In this case, near the prism it is necessary to hang colored pencils (one color on each CP) or composters on cords (braid).

With this method of completing the distance and marking the checkpoint, each participant fills out his personal card according to the posted sample competition card. The competition card is compiled according to the known distance parameters and selected checkpoints and includes: directions from one checkpoint to another (to the first - from the start, to the finish - from the last), the distances of these segments and a brief description of the landmark for each checkpoint.

A fundamentally different way of information about the distance is separate information: at the start there is a card indicating the direction from the start to CP 1, the distance to it and its “legend”, at CP 1 - the same for CP 2, etc. In your personal card the participant sequentially records the information received and makes notes about passing the checkpoint.

Another way of providing participants with information about the distance is to issue them a “white map,” i.e., a distance drawn on a given scale and indicated on the “map,” with the location on the control diagram given by a dot (puncture) circled; in the circle, the conventional sign adopted by the Rules of Orienteering Competitions depicts the landmark on which the CP is placed (i.e., a graphic expression of the “legend” of the CP). The diagram ("white map") shows the direction to the North Magnetic Pole with an arrow. With this method of azimuthal orientation, the participant receives all data on the distance parameters independently through the necessary measurements. Using a ruler on the liquid compass, he measures the distances between the control points and, using the scale shown in the diagram, converts the resulting value (in centimeters or millimeters) into meters; using a liquid (or any other) compass determines the direction (azimuth) to the desired control point.

In all of the above cases, a participant in training competitions must be able to calculate his path (primarily at short distances, in steps), confidently take the azimuth and run in a given direction according to the compass, relying on intermediate or clearly visible distant but passing landmarks. Participants must be previously trained in these skills, for which, before training competitions, trek leaders equip a training ground in a spacious clearing, where participants perform exercises on measuring distances in steps - walking and running, determining the direction and accurately moving in this direction.

Participants in educational competitions are given a separate start with an interval of 1, 2 or 3 minutes. The longer the interval, the more reliable is the provision of independent work of participants at a distance, but the longer the competition is significantly longer. On the other hand, the fewer participants, the longer the interval can be. A long interval with a large number of participants (say, more than 50) will lead to their congestion and non-independent work. The way out of this situation is to change the competition formula: not individual, but team, in the form of a relay race, but at the same time it is necessary to comply with the most important condition of any competition - sports fairness, in this case - the same distance (total) for all teams. A similar requirement is met if the number of stages of the total distance and the number of team members are equal. So, with 100 participants, you can plan a distance with 5 control points, when 5 teams (their first participants) start simultaneously in five different directions. Each team consists of 5 people. This means that the number of races with 100 participants will be only 4, and very little time will be required to hold the competition.

In this case, the relay orienteering distance must be planned so that the “start-finish” place is in its center. At the simultaneous start of the first participants of 5 teams, the order of their completion of the distance will be as follows:

Member of the 1st team: S-1-2-3-4-5-F;
- member of the 2nd team: S-2-3-4-5-1-F;
- member of the 3rd team: S-3-4-5-1-2-F;
- member of the 4th team: S-4-5-1-2-3-F;
- member of the 5th team: S-5-1-2-3-4-F.

At the 2nd stage, the participant of the 1st team runs along the 2nd distance, etc. The “relay race” for each team is a team card indicating on it the order of the distances at each stage of the relay and the parameters of the distances. It is clear that this will require 4 cards (according to the number of races) of each of the 5 options for the order of completion.

Participants in training competitions in orienteering techniques on the “azimuth route”, after studying the symbols of the sports map and practicing working with the map, successfully start in mass orienteering competitions, which are now available to everyone in many cities of the country.

If competitions on the “azimuth route” are a qualifying type of orienteering, then with a distance of about 1000 m and 5-6 CP, the qualifying time can be set at 15 minutes.

Control standards for tourist equipment. The control standard for a tourist bivouac is the installation of a two-person tent by a team of 4 people (the minimum composition of a tourist group) in 50 seconds.

One test phase includes an obstacle course. The competition is held in two versions.

Individual passage of stages:

1) ascent up the slope - traverse - descent (stage length 40 m);
2) suspended crossing (10 m);
3) tying a knot (choice according to the card: straight, counter, clew, grasping, conductor, figure-eight conductor, double conductor, stirrup, bowline). Test time 6 minutes.

Team completion of stages (4 people):

1) laying a log using a rope and crossing the log;
2) "pendulum";
3) crossing over rocks (30 m);
4) carrying the “victim” on a homemade stretcher (100 m). Distance length 200 m, qualifying time 6 minutes.

For the test on first aid for injuries and accidents, a differentiated assessment of knowledge is used. It is based on programmed control. The participant chooses one, most correct, in his opinion, answer out of four to the proposed question. If the answer is chosen correctly, the “examiner” light comes on and highlights the grade “5”.

Example card:"Question: What kind of first aid will you give yourself on a hike if you sprain your ankle? Answer options: I will keep complete rest; I will give a massage; I will make a cold compress; I will apply a hot compress."

When organizing the acceptance of the standards of the RLD complex, it is convenient to test tourist skills in stages, which are serviced by experienced teachers or instructors. In this case, the educational effectiveness of tourist exercises increases. Those who pass the standard can get advice and practice mastering tourism skills. The standards of the GTO complex are accepted both at the stages of the qualifying hike and at the bivouac. It is necessary to notify all those taking the standards in advance about the day of the hike, conduct training sessions with them on mastering tourist knowledge, skills and abilities. If there is a large flow of people passing the standards on one route of a tourist trip, you can create a schedule for the start of groups. With the proposed scheme, 60 people pass through per hour. To increase throughput, the number of polygons is doubled. Members of the admissions committee mark the itinerary sheets and sign for acceptance of tourist standards. At the finish line, the route documents are submitted to the organizing committee for the events of the GTO complex, where a record is made of the acceptance of tourist standards in the cards of those taking the test.

System of training of tourist public personnel

Among the main areas of mass tourism work, the leading position is rightfully occupied by the system of tourist education and the training of tourist public personnel. Training tourists in organizational and methodological work, technology and tactics, methods of organizing socially useful work, preparing and conducting tourist rallies and competitions through the system of training tourist public personnel allows solving not only pedagogical (educational, educational, methodological) issues, but also issues of organizing mass public management amateur tourism.

The Regulations on Tourism Public Personnel (approved by a resolution of the Presidium of the Central Council for Tourism and Excursions dated May 7, 1979) provide for the training of the following categories of tourism assets: leaders of weekend trips (including for passing the GTO standards for tourism) and trips to the badge " Tourist of the USSR", tourism instructors, leaders of sports tourist trips, public tourism activists (tourism federations, commissions, boards of clubs, tourist sections), judges of tourist competitions, members of the tourist control and rescue service (TCS) and control and rescue teams (CSR).

Requirements for the level of training of leaders and participants of tourist trips are reflected in the governing documents. Thus, the regulations on the All-Union Physical Culture Complex of the GTO stipulate that the leaders of weekend trips for the GTO badge must have training in the amount of the first stage of initial tourist training. “Rules for organizing and conducting amateur tourist trips and trips on the territory of the USSR” establish certain requirements for the level of training of leaders and participants of trips. In particular, leaders and participants of hikes of the I category of complexity need to have knowledge in the amount of the second stage of initial tourist training, leaders and participants of hikes of the II-III categories of complexity - in the amount of medium, and leaders and participants of hikes of the IV-V complexity categories - of the highest tourist training.

The basis for training tourist public personnel belonging to the categories of tour leaders and tourism instructors is general and special training, carried out in three stages:

Initial tourist training, which includes training for leaders and participants in weekend hikes, multi-day non-category hikes and hikes of the first category of difficulty;
- average tourist (or instructor) training, which includes training of leaders and participants of hikes of II and III categories of complexity (or tourism instructors);
- higher tourist (or instructor) training, which includes training of leaders and participants of treks of IV and V categories of complexity (or senior tourism instructors).

The training of tourism public personnel is carried out in schools and at seminars (gatherings) organized by councils for tourism and excursions, the Institute for Advanced Training of Workers of Tourist and Excursion Organizations and its branches, city and regional tourist clubs, councils of children's social activities, tourist clubs and tourist sections of physical culture groups. , stations for young tourists. School students study without interruption from work or study. Seminars (camps) are held in free time from work or study - during vacations or holidays.

Forms of training sessions in schools, at seminars (camps) on the training of tourism public personnel - lectures, seminars and practical classes, educational and training trips, consultations, independent work of students.

The training of tourist public personnel called upon to carry out work on organizing and conducting mass tourist events - weekend hikes, hikes for the "USSR Tourist" badge and hikes of the first category of difficulty, is carried out at the stage of initial tourist training, divided into two half-stages: initial tourist training "A" " (NTP-A) and initial tourist training "B" (NTP-B).

The organization of the first stage of initial tourist training (according to the NTP-A program), discussed in detail on page 171, is provided, as a rule, by tourist sections of physical culture groups. The organization of the second stage (according to the NTP-B program) can only be carried out by tourist clubs of large groups if they have instructors of the required level of training. For tourist sections that do not have such an opportunity, city (district) clubs and tourism commissions of voluntary sports societies of trade unions provide leaders for multi-day non-category hikes and hikes of category I difficulty.

The second stage of initial tourist training is carried out in accordance with the NTP-B curriculum with a volume of 60 training hours, including: 30 hours. during the preparation for the training trip (of which 20 lectures and 10 practical lessons indoors) and 30 hours. practical exercises during the training trip.

The NTP-B curriculum contains two sections: “Main directions of mass tourism work” (common for the curriculum of seminars on NTP-B, regardless of the type of tourism) and “Special training for types of tourism” (which has some variations for different types of tourism, but unprincipled: no more than one academic hour on a particular topic of the second section of the curriculum).

The section “Special training for types of tourism” contains 11 topics, including: the features of this type of tourism, the basic principles of classifying routes in it, the content and rules for organizing, preparing and conducting multi-day hikes for this type of tourism, as well as a number of practical topics: equipment, food, equipment and tactics, organization of a bivouac, physical training of a tourist, hygiene of a tourist and provision of first-aid care, basics of topographical preparation and features of terrain orientation in this type of tourism, organization of observations during a hike.

Tourists who have completed training under the NTP-B program (or have passed external exams for the NTP-B course) and have gained experience in participating in a hike of the first category of difficulty, acquire the right to lead hikes for the "USSR Tourist" badge and hikes of the first category of difficulty, as well as admission to school of secondary tourist training (STP).

The training of tourist public personnel will be even more specialized and in-depth at the level of average tourist (participants and leaders of hikes of II and III categories of difficulty), average instructor (instructors for types of tourism), higher tourist (participants and leaders of hikes of IV and V categories of complexity) and higher instructor (senior instructors for types of tourism) training. The programs of secondary tourist and secondary instructor training are provided with a curriculum of 160 hours. (including a training trip), higher training - syllabuses of 200 hours. (also including a training trip).

In addition to the categories of tourists listed above, junior tourism instructors who have relevant tourism experience and have reached the age of 18 are also accepted into the secondary tourism training school. This title is awarded to students of secondary schools, vocational schools and secondary specialized educational institutions who have reached the age of 15, have the “USSR Tourist” badge and have successfully completed a seminar or training camp for junior tourism instructors.

The system for training public tourist personnel is an important link in tourism and excursion work, which largely ensures the solution of educational, sports and recreational problems through tourism means. Many years of experience in the practice of managing amateur tourism have shown that at the level of the first and most massive link of the amateur tourism system (tourist section of the physical culture team), effective management of the organization of mass tourism work is possible only through the training of tourist public personnel of the first link: public tourism activists (chairmen of tourist sections), leaders of weekend hikes and mass multi-day hikes, judges of tourist competitions. The training of middle-level public tourism assets (including tourism instructors, trek leaders of II-III categories of difficulty) ensures the preparation of mass-level assets, etc. In other words, the system of training public tourism personnel functions quite effectively only in the presence of feedback connections.

Training of judges for tourism competitions

Training judges for tourist competitions is one of the most important tasks of the commission for meetings and competitions of the tourist section (tourist club) of the physical education team.

In the tourist section of the physical education team, the training of judges for tourist competitions is carried out according to the initial training program for judges with a volume of 40 training hours. The curriculum for the judges' seminar provides for 16 hours. at lectures and 24 hours for practical classes on the following topics: physical culture and sports in the USSR, Regulations on judges and the panel of judges; on tourist competitions, organization and conduct of tourist rallies and competitions, rules of tourist competitions, work of the competition distance service, work of judges at the stages, work of the secretariat and information service, organization of the work of the start and finish teams, methods of judging certain types of competitions.

The theoretical training of judges that they receive at lectures is reinforced by specially organized educational competitions, at which the main issues of the practical work of judge teams serving tourist competitions are worked out.

Work of the distance service - planning, marking and equipment of the course on the ground; organizing events to ensure safety and medical support at a distance; work of the distance service immediately before the start of the competition and work during it.

The work of judges at stages - the conditions for overcoming a stage with a demonstration of options for correct and incorrect completion, interpretation of all possible violations and use of the table of penalties; analysis of possible options for passing stages provided for by the Rules and conditions of the competition, situations and actions of judges; practice of judges in assessing errors.

Work of the secretariat and information service - registration of the secretariat's place of work; rehearsal for accepting applications, drawing lots, issuing team cards, organizing pre-start information for participants, information about preliminary results; practice in processing competition results and organizing awarding of winners.

The work of the start and finish teams is to check the compliance of the equipment and uniform of the participants with the requirements of the Rules and Regulations of the competition; work of the referee-starter and secretary; types of start; work of judges and secretaries at the finish line; interaction of the start and finish teams with the secretariat and commandant service.

At training competitions immediately preceding the rally, issues such as competition regulations, the place and order of the opening and closing ceremonies of the rally, awarding winners, places for placing competitive materials and holding competitions, the system of work of competition commissions and the organization of free time for participants, including issues of determining convenient places for training and warming up of competition participants, for the work of editorial boards of combat leaflets, etc.

An important condition for the preparation of qualified judges for tourist competitions is their constant active participation in the work of judges in other sports at competitions held by the council of the physical culture team, the regional committee for physical culture and sports, the regional council of sports and sports activities, - in athletics cross-country, track and field athletics, skiing races, all-around GTO complex. The practice of judging various competitions significantly expands the horizons of a sports judge, increases his judicial culture and erudition, and allows him to accumulate valuable judicial experience, which cannot be replaced only by lectures and even well-organized practical exercises.

Organization and holding of the rally

Local trade union committees and university sports clubs organize a tourist rally (tourist equipment competition) for the physical education team, adding it to their calendar plans of sporting events in advance.

The organizing committee of the tourist rally includes: a representative of the hosting organization, the chief judge of the competition at the rally, representatives of the Komsomol and other public organizations. The organizing committee coordinates the holding of the rally with local councils and forest districts on whose territory it is planned, approves the main panel of judges, resolves issues of logistical, medical, economic, transport support for the rally, and ensuring the safety of competition participants.

All events of the rally (competitions, competitions) are held in full compliance with the regulations on the rally and the conditions for holding competitions (competitions); the latter are either included in the provision or serve as a written annex to it. Both documents are approved by the hosting organization, and only it (its representative at the meeting) has the right to make any changes to them.

The regulations on the rally contain the following mandatory sections: purpose and objectives of the rally; time and place of its holding; program; definition of results; Winner's reward ceremony.

Depending on the scale of the rally (and for a large production team, scientific, economic association, a tourist rally can be a major event with the participation of many teams and guests), other sections may be included in the regulations: management of the preparation and conduct of the rally; rally participants; financing, procedure and deadlines for submitting applications, required documentation; procedure and deadlines for registration of participants; equipment and inventory.

Changes and additions to the regulations are made by a representative of the hosting organization no later than the beginning of the first team draw. However, if conditions arise that threaten the safety of participants or make it impossible to conduct competitions, they must be postponed, and if they have already begun, then interrupted. If the competition cannot be held on the same day, the decision on its further holding and the scoring of the results is made by the main panel of judges of the rally.

All competitions in the technique of certain types of tourism, in orienteering (if they are provided for in the rally program) are held in full accordance with the Rules of these competitions. If, however, the rally program provides for combined competitions, including applied military skills, elements of tourist equipment and orienteering techniques, and individual standards of the GTO complex, the competition organizers develop detailed conditions that have the force of the Rules.

Preparation for gatherings and competitions in types of tourism begins long before they begin with the inclusion of the planned event in the calendar plan, which is drawn up in the following form:

The organization hosting the event creates an organizing committee and adopts a resolution (issues an order) to hold a rally or competition, which, as a rule, coincides with significant dates. The resolution (order) and regulations on the rally or competition are sent to organizations participating in the event a month before its start - at the regional level and 3 months - at the republican or all-Union level.

In table 11 shows a diagram of the generally accepted work plan of the organizing committee of the rally (tourist competitions). Together with the resolution on its implementation, regulations and cost estimates, the work plan of the organizing committee’s activities constitutes the main documentation defining its work.

Table 11.

Plan of main events of the organizing committee of the tourist rally

As can be seen from the table, the range of issues resolved by the organizing committee and the main panel of judges of the rally during its organization and preparation is quite wide and includes some of the activities typical for the organization of any sports competitions (staffing the main panel of judges and preparation of judicial documentation, transport issues, catering participants and judges, organization of awards, etc.). However, another part of the questions is specific specifically for tourist competitions (choosing a meeting place, preparing competition routes, logistics).

Selection and preparation of the meeting place. The choice of the meeting place is determined by the safety requirements of the participants, the convenience of entrances and approaches, the layout of the camp, the availability of water and fuel, fire safety and nature protection, the landscape characteristics of the area from the point of view of laying out competition distances that are interesting for participants and spectators.

When choosing a meeting place, all its advantages and disadvantages are carefully analyzed, preliminary planning of the camp is carried out, areas suitable for laying out competition distances, for the start and finish of each distance, for accommodating the main panel of judges, a doctor, and a secretariat are determined. The scope of work of the rally commandant service is also determined.

For holding rallies, picturesque places are usually chosen in suburban forest areas, where there are sources of drinking water and access roads. It is best to organize a rally in the area of ​​the group's dispensary, sports and recreational camp or pioneer camp. The layout of the teams is developed in advance. Places are provided for cooking on primus stoves or fires, firewood is supplied, places for washing, toilets and garbage pits are equipped. In the judges' camp, a large tent (or canopy) is erected for meetings of the main panel of judges and the work of the credentials committee. In the clearing, a line is marked with keeper tape for the participants to line up, and a flagpole is installed to raise the competition flag. The commandant's service equips and arranges the opening and closing venues for the rally, the start and finish of competitions in types of tourism.

Preparation of competition distances. Competition distances must be logical, spectacular, safe and fully consistent with the level of training of the rally participants.

The distance service, headed by its chief, marks and prepares the competition route. All stages must be visible to the participants and protected from spectators by a corridor. The entire obstacle course route is marked. The course service must prepare the appropriate cartographic material (its adjustment and replication), equip the distances with checkpoint signs with means of marking their passage.

Competition distances at a physical culture team meeting should be as accessible as possible to everyone. It is recommended to place them in places where they are logical. So, it is better to organize a canopy crossing over a river or ravine, and not in a clearing between two trees. The more difficult sections are usually placed at the beginning of the course, with fording crossings at the end. By installing additional parallel routes, the capacity of the competition increases.

The logistics of the rally include providing the rally participants and judges with camp equipment (tents, campfire equipment or primus stove, cooking utensils, household equipment) and food; equipment for competitions and work of the panel of judges; funds for holding competitions and jury work.

Before the start of the rally, posters, banners, and information boards are prepared and handed over to the commandant. The commandant's service plays the main role in the logistics of the rally. The commandant receives equipment and inventory, gives them to the course commanders against signature and accepts them from them at the end of the rally.

In accordance with the request of the chief secretary of the meeting, protocol forms, stationery (folders, binders, pencils, felt-tip pens, paper clips, buttons, glue, rubber bands, paper, etc.), diplomas, chronometers, badges, and judges' insignia must be prepared (badges, emblems, armbands, judge cards, forms of certificates of refereeing).

The organization of the rally camp and food for its participants in the field is practically the same as in the conditions of a tourist trip (see Chapter 21).

The logistics of competitions completely depend on their content, types and class, conditions of holding, requirements imposed by the regulations on competitions for equipment. Competitions in the technique of certain types of tourism require appropriate mountain-pedestrian equipment (ropes, safety belts, carabiners, mittens, helmets), kayaks, bicycles, etc. The regulations stipulate what equipment the teams will bring to the rally. And the equipment for the distances is fully provided by the organizers of the rally.

Logistics and technical support for the competition program of the rally is a determining factor in the successful conduct of competitions. So, to watch movies and slide films you need: a film projector for 16 mm film with a sound system (type “Ukraine”); film projector for 8-C and 8 mm film ("Rus"); at least two overhead projectors with cassettes ("Svityaz", "Proton", "Alpha"), tape recorders (cassette and reel-to-reel for two- and four-track recordings) and empty cassettes; microphone with stand; an amplifier with a standard input for a microphone, tape recorder, player and a speaker system with a power of at least 10 watts for every 100 spectators; extension cables, tees, adapters with special shafts for a standard three- or five-pin block; screens.

Holding a rally. When planning courses and during competitions, safety, environmental and fire safety measures are of paramount importance. Thus, a section of the river for organizing a crossing must be selected with a hard and level bottom and safe approaches. Completing the distance and organizing insurance with low-quality equipment is unacceptable. There should be constant monitoring by the health service of food preparation, water quality, and the condition of toilets and garbage pits.

At competitions in the technique of certain types of tourism, ensuring safety (organizing judge insurance in competitions in mountain tourism techniques, patrolling rescue ships in competitions in water tourism techniques, etc.) is the main task of the distance service.

In the work of the judging teams serving competitions, clarity, consistency, and correctness are necessary above all.

Holding competitions at gatherings in the field is sometimes not only a difficult task, but also an insoluble one. Therefore, if in the field it is not possible to watch films and slide films, then such competitions are usually held before the start of the rally, and their results are included in the final table.

A well-organized and conducted tourist rally is not only a sports festival, but also an extremely important event in the promotion of tourism and amateur tourist creativity.

In the formation and implementation of ideas of a healthy lifestyle in the public consciousness, in the promotion and popularization of physical culture and sports, an important role is played by mass physical culture and sports festivals, competitions, mass competitions, organized and held in places and recreation areas of the population, both in large squares (streets) , city squares, culture and recreation parks, on beaches, etc.) and indoors (clubs, swimming pools, etc.) attracting a large number of spectators. Depending on the nature and focus of these events, on their popularity, the appropriate contingent of the population is attracted to participate in the holiday and competitions.

Mass sports events are held in all sports included in the sports classification: basketball, volleyball, football, hockey, athletics, weightlifting, biathlon, rugby, judo, sambo, boxing and other sports (see Fig. 1.1).

According to the form of holding, mass sports events can be: Spartakiad, Olympiad, Universiade, tournament, championship, cup, relay race, games, championship.

Based on geography, sporting events are distinguished between world, regional, national, regional, regional, city, and district.

There are three main systems for holding sports competitions: round-robin (all participants meet each other one or more times, points are awarded for victory), cup (with the elimination of the losers) and mixed (combining the principles of the round-robin and cup systems).

By age range: adults, juniors, young men and children. Sports competitions are held separately for men and women (with the exception of equestrian sports, a number of technical sports, etc.), in some sports there are competitions for mixed pairs, for example, in figure skating.

Depending on the content of the program, sports competitions can be complex (Olympic Games) and specialized (for individual sports); depending on the tasks and conditions for determining the winners - personal (only the results of individual participants are taken into account), team (only teams) and personal-team.

Mass forms of sports and health tourism represent a group of effective means of restoring human activity, combining physical activity with exciting and emotionally intense leisure activities.

Mass tourist events are currently regaining their former popularity (especially among young people), which is due to the presence of competitive elements, both personal and team in nature (competitions have always attracted young people).

Mass sports and recreational events, being a means of active recreation, are designed to solve social and socio-pedagogical problems:

promotion of physical culture and sports, which is ensured by visibility, publicity, appropriate design of the venues of mass events, timely information about the progress, essence and results of the event;

popularization of a healthy lifestyle;

humanistic and patriotic education, which is carried out in the process of holding mass events dedicated to memorable dates and civil events;

increasing people’s sociability, which is facilitated by joint preparation and participation in holidays and competitions;

organizational strengthening of a physical culture team (group, sports club, sports section, etc.), which is achieved during the recruitment of teams, preparation for the event, selection of organizers, team captains, etc.;

demonstration of the achievements of the best groups and exchange of experience among sports fans;

providing beginners with the opportunity to try their hand at the sport, etc.

Mass sports and recreational events should be carried out in accordance with the basic principles:

compliance of the organization of the event with its objectives. This means that the nature, content, place and time of the event should be chosen so that they most fully allow the main task to be solved;

Availability of the event in terms of time and location. This organizational principle requires mandatory consideration of factors such as the working hours of participants, transport, weather conditions, etc.;

feasibility of exercises, tasks (the entire competition program, holiday, competition) for people of different ages, gender, physical fitness in terms of load, complexity, duration, etc.;

safety of participants, spectators, judges. For these purposes, medical care must be provided, exercises and equipment must be selected in advance, areas for games, swimming, etc. must be fenced;

entertainment, visibility, aesthetics, educational nature of holidays, contests, competitions.

Violation or non-compliance with at least one of the principles can negatively affect the success of the event, devalue a lot of preparatory work, and lead to undesirable consequences.

The holding of sports festivals and mass competitions is intended to reflect the most significant events in the lives of people, cities, countries and represent aesthetic value. Mass events encourage the broad masses of the population to systematically engage in physical education.

The organization of mass sports events can be represented as a sequential series of stages:

The organizational stage is usually carried out by an organizing committee (organizing committee), created from representatives of organizations involved in the preparation of this event. The organizing committee draws up a consolidated plan, which reflects: the general concept of the holiday, its theme, main and secondary events, duration in general and individual parts, the nature and procedure of opening and closing, the number of spectators, timing and those responsible for the implementation of the plan, cost estimates, holding plan organizational meetings and distribution of responsibilities among members of the organizing committee, etc.;

The technological and operational stage includes drawing up regulations, determining the refereeing team, the chief judge, the secretary, drawing up a program for a mass event, drawing up and approving its script. The script usually sets out in strict sequence and interconnection everything that will happen at a mass event: it reveals the theme of the successive elements of the action; shows transitions from one part to another; the approximate direction of all journalistic speeches promoting physical culture and a healthy lifestyle; provides means to increase participant activity; special equipment for the action scenes, musical accompaniment.

The organizational and operational training plan provides for:

selection, approval, instruction of the direct organizers of the holiday, competition, competition, technical managers, judges, jury members;

preparation of amateur art programs;

preparation of event venues, including design of visual campaigning and propaganda, flags, installation of signs, fencing, as well as marking of the competition site, marking of routes, sites, etc.;

preparation of equipment, equipment, equipment, referee supplies;

preparation of stationery, letters, pennants, protocol forms;

issuing invoices and timely purchase of prizes and gifts;

production of visual propaganda and publicity means: posters, announcements, commentary texts, “express information” forms, etc.;

organization of medical support: selection of doctors, purchase of medicines, choice of location of medical workers;

organization of transport and consumer services;

drawing up an estimate for holding a holiday (event), which includes expenses: for the purchase of certificates, prizes, souvenirs; purchasing medicines; purchasing non-standard equipment for holding games and competitions; production of advertising and design materials; printing and posting of posters, transportation costs;

determination of the final meeting of the organizing committee before the event.

Venues should be as close as possible to residential areas and located in the most popular recreation areas of the population. Most often, these events are held on Saturdays and Sundays. Therefore, it is impossible to lay competitive tracks along distances where competitions and training of athletes are regularly organized. It is recommended to avoid crossing them with each other, thereby eliminating the possibility of interference with competitors.

1) Tourist rallies

The history of tourist gatherings in Russia is long. Tourist rallies gained their mass popularity thanks to the youth student movement of the 50s. Since then, they have been held at all levels - from physical education groups to all-Union ones, hundreds of thousands of amateur tourists took part in them.

The rally itself, even if it was carried out with accommodation in tents and self-cooking on fires, was somewhat different from the tourist one, because its program included a larger number of events of socio-political significance (a competition for the best tourist trip to places of revolutionary, military and labor glory of the Communist Party and the Soviet people or on the developed route of such a campaign). Thematic and family gatherings, gatherings of pioneers and schoolchildren became widespread during that period.

All-Union rallies, as a rule, were dedicated to significant dates related to the history of the development of our state. Thus, the II All-Union Rally of Mountain Tourists was dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the creation of the Komsomol, the All-Union Rally of 1981 was dedicated to the adoption of the Constitution of the USSR.

Tourist gatherings and competitions became real holidays for travel lovers. They made it possible to check the readiness of tourists for future hikes, try out equipment, and get acquainted with new technical and tactical techniques, which contributed to increasing the safety of hikes. There was a wide exchange of experience in the tourist organizational work of sections of physical education groups, tourist clubs, the tourism federation and its commissions.

An important part of mass tourism work is the organization and holding of tourist rallies and competitions. Tourist rallies and competitions and competitions held in their program pursue various goals and solve various problems.

The program of a tourist rally of any rank included two groups of events (see Fig. 1.1): mass political and sports. The first group consisted of: meetings with veterans of the Great Patriotic War and labor, rallies, demonstrations, conferences of Komsomol and tourist activists, creative competitions (military-patriotic and tourist songs, films, photographs, campaign reports, combat leaflets, bivouacs, team emblems, etc.) .d.). The second group includes sports competitions. Depending on the objectives of the rally, its rank, the level of preparedness of the participants, as well as the experience of the judges - distance directors, the competition program at the rally may include a wide variety of types.

A tourist obstacle course (or a tourist relay race) includes elements of technology typical for hiking, skiing, water or cycling tourism. For example: various types of crossings (wading, luggage, mounted), ascents and descents along steep slopes, various methods of transporting the “victim”.

The militarized obstacle course contains elements of military-applied training, including overcoming natural obstacles in gas masks, throwing a grenade at a target, and overcoming specific artificial obstacles (for example, “moustraps”).

The combined obstacle course included elements of the GTO complex, elements of tourist equipment and military-applied skills in a wide variety of combinations.

Paramilitary forced march ( sometimes night) involves a team covering a fairly long distance over very rough terrain with elements of orienteering.

The competition program of the rally and public events are planned in full accordance with the purpose, objectives of the rally and the composition of its participants.

Tourist rallies

Fig.1.1

At the maximum, competitions are held at the rally for the best film, slide film, photography, photo stand about the trip, report (photo album) about the trip, for the best performance of a song and original song, tourism propaganda, tourist homemade products, combat sheet of the rally, bivouac, emblem, rally badge, Moreover, when demonstrating film and photographic materials and performing fines, a double competition is possible - on tourist and military-patriotic topics.

The work of a large regional (or city) meeting differs not only in scale, but also in focus. Its participants are usually themselves the organizers of tourism work in their enterprise, institution, or educational institution. They were sent to the rally by tourist sections to talk about their affairs and learn from the work experience of other groups. Therefore, the program of district, city and regional meetings also includes such events as the exchange of work experience, summing up the results of the competition for the best organization of tourist work in a team, for the best hike of the past season, meetings in sections, review of the area interesting for experienced tourists, organization of exhibitions amateur tourist equipment, methodological consultations.

Preparation for the meeting usually takes place over 3-5 months. In a club or tourism council, this work is carried out by a special commission for holding rallies and competitions. She develops the rally program, the Regulations, and establishes the rally headquarters.

The main governing document for both the participants of the rally and its organizers is the Regulations on the rally . Specificity and brevity are very important for the Regulations, so that not only experienced tourists, but also inexperienced beginners can understand it.

Opening of the meeting. If you carefully follow the tourist rallies that are held on Saturdays and Sundays, for example, by physical education groups, councils of children's sports activities, districts, then it is easy to notice that almost everywhere the opening ceremony takes place on the morning of the second day, when the work of the rallies has actually already begun. The participants need the previous evening in order to calmly, without undue haste, settle down in the clearing and get comfortable.

But whenever, in the morning or in the evening, the grand opening is held, the organizers of the rally must remember the main thing: the further work of the rally largely depends on how successful the opening is. A clearly organized ceremony disciplines the participants and promotes a good mood.

The ceremonial formation of the rally participants takes place on the platform, in the center of which there is a mast for raising the flag. The site is decorated with flags, slogans, and banners. It is advisable to install signs indicating the teams’ affiliation with a particular team or region.

In order to make the work of the organizers easier, to make performances around a common fire brighter and more meaningful, it is advisable to announce competitions for the best performance: dance, song, artistic reading, etc. And if the conditions of the competitions are made known to everyone, it probably won’t take long to persuade tourists to perform.

Depending on the expected number of participants in the gathering, the capabilities of the organizers, and local conditions, a variety of games and competitions can be planned and provided for. But what is planned will not come true by itself, spontaneously. You need to prepare for everything in advance.

2) Tourist competitions

Tourist competitions are held for all types of tourism included in the sports classification (see Fig. 1.3.): walking, water, mountain, skiing, speleo, auto, motorcycle tourism, sailing, bicycle, equestrian, combined tourism.

Currently, in each type of tourism there are intramural and correspondence competitions. In-person competitions are held in tourist all-around - sports tourism techniques. Correspondence competitions are held for sports trips and travel.

In terms of level - scale - competitions can be: international, Russian, zonal (regional, district), regional, city, district, physical education groups and clubs.

According to social and age groups, competitions are divided into youth and adults, children and youth, competitions for the disabled, difficult children and orphans, student competitions, etc.

Depending on their departmental affiliation, competitions can be held by sports tourism federations, public education committees, sports public, army organizations and clubs.

According to the form of holding, tourist competitions are divided into complex-demonstration (festivals, tourist holidays), tours, rallies, expeditions, championships, cups, classification, qualifying, with a limited number of participants and open.

The most widespread in tourism are competitions in the technique and tactics of sports tourism (tourist all-around) and competitions between sports tourism trips.

In addition to the tourism competitions themselves, it is customary to participate in and organize competitions in sports that are close to tourism, or rather, those that have come out of tourism. These sports include, first of all, orienteering and rock climbing.

Fig.1.2

There are mainly three types of competitions used in orienteering:

orientation on a marked route;

orientation in a given direction;

orientation by choice.

The task of participants in orienteering competitions is to pass control points (CPs) located on the ground using a map and compass.

Orientation on a marked route is the passage of a distance with the location of checkpoints installed on the route marked on a map. The route is not marked on the map. For an error in applying the CP, determined in millimeters of deviation, a penalty time is awarded in minutes. The final result of completing the distance corresponds to the time it took to complete the distance plus penalty time. The condition for counting personal results of competitions on a marked route is that all checkpoints are marked on the map by piercing the map (with a needle or pin) and there are no gross deviations (more than 3 minutes of penalty time) at any checkpoint.

Orienteering on a marked route is mainly carried out in winter conditions on skis. The route is made in the form of a marked ski track with clearly visible control points, for example on trees at eye level.

Orientation in a given direction is the passage of checkpoints marked on the map and located on the ground in a given order (in accordance with the serial numbers on the map). Participants choose the path from one checkpoint to another at their own discretion. The participant’s result is determined by the time spent covering the distance from start to finish, provided that all checkpoints are taken (a certain mark is made on each of them) in a given sequence.

Orientation by choice is the passage of a certain number of control points in a random order during a control time in order to obtain the maximum number of points for “taking” a control point. CPs with different points scores can be set at a distance. For example, the closest checkpoints are worth one point, and those located further from the start and finish line are worth 2-3 points. All control points available in the competition area and their designations are marked on the participant’s map. In the competition area, significantly more control points are installed than the average participant can “take” within the designated control period. As a rule, in such competitions there is a general start.

Climbing competitions are held in the following types:

individual climbing (speed, difficulty, combined);

doubles racing;

a series of tracks;

Competitions can take place on natural rocks or on artificial terrain:

on closed (unfamiliar) routes for participants;

on open tracks (with demonstration of the route by demonstrator judges);

on previously tested tracks.

To complete the course, participants are given one attempt, with the exception of competitions from a series of courses, where the Regulations may provide for two, 3 or more attempts on each course.

In speed competitions, athletes walk a course from start to finish, trying to spend the minimum amount of time completing it.

In difficulty competitions, the time to complete the route is not fixed (except for the control time limit), and the result of the competition when the route is not completely completed is determined by the height of the climb achieved.

In competitions with a combined classification, the time of participants who complete the route to the end and the height of the climb if it is not completely completed are taken into account. The lifting height of the participant is determined by the highest fixation point on the track. In a ligament competition, the height of the lift is determined by the participant coming second. A participant (team) is removed from the competition for the following violations:

breakdown with hanging on the referee's harness;

time limit expires;

return to earth;

going beyond the limit;

missing mandatory insurance;

missing a reference point when climbing with orienteering;

use of referee equipment (pitons, safety cable, rope) to pass the course;

the leader was not changed when climbing ropes;

other conditions specified by the panel of judges for passing the route have not been met.

In a round-robin competition, the winner is the athlete who completes the most courses in the fewest attempts. In competitions from a series of routes of choice, participants are ranked by the amount of points received for the routes completed, taking into account the order in which each route was completed.

Also, search and rescue competitions (SRP) have recently become popular among young people.

RPS competitions consist of covering a distance and performing a set of tasks aimed at searching (with elements of orientation), providing first aid, manufacturing vehicles and transporting the victim. Search area up to 8 km 2 . The search is carried out by a search team consisting of team members of 6 people (at least two girls).

At the distance, the total control time (TCT) is entered. The correctness of the search team's work at the stages is assessed by a panel of judges.

The team is allowed to work at the stages only in full strength. The overall result of the search team is determined by the sum of running and penalty time. The best place is awarded to the search party with the least amount of time.

If the results are equal, preference is given to the search team with the least amount of penalty time.

Search teams that did not meet the OKB (the time during which they must “save the victim”) take places after the squads that met the OKB. Search teams that have not passed any stage are not allowed to further work at the distance and take last place.

Stages of the RPS competition include:

1) Search for the “victim”

Orientation on a marked route.

It is necessary to walk the distance according to the markings and mark the location of the encountered checkpoints on the map with a puncture.

Azimuth route.

At the beginning of the stage, the search party is given a diagram of the azimuthal route. You must follow the indicated route and exit at the end of the stage.

Open route.

The search party must go through the route of their choice, taking 4 out of 6 checkpoints. The checkpoints are marked with a colored pencil on the map.

Movement according to legend.

At the beginning of the stage, the search party is given a package with a legend of the route. The team covers the route, marking the checkpoints they encounter on the map with a colored pencil.

2) Rescue work

The work is performed in the task clearing. The tactics of work at this stage are free.

Providing first aid.

Making stretchers.

Lighting a fire, preparing 1 liter of tea.

Submitting distress signals.

Transporting the “victim” on a stretcher over rough terrain.

The “victim” is transported by the search party to the finish line. He must be tied to the stretcher in at least two places (chest and hip area), with a rope (belt) tied around the stretcher. Tying the “victim” to separate poles is not permitted.

The “victim” must be on a mat or sleeping bag. Cross-country transportation can be carried out by two or more participants. It is allowed to use loops for carrying stretchers made from the main rope or braid of equal strength.

When wading, securing the “victim” on a stretcher is prohibited.

When moving downhill and fording, the “victim” should lie feet first, when moving on a horizontal surface and on an ascent - head first.

The composition of the minimum equipment and inventory for organizing search and rescue operations is at the discretion of the search team itself.

This type of competition is controversial due to the complexity of the scoring system.

As noted earlier, competitions in the technique and tactics of sports tourism (tourist all-around) are most widespread in tourism. They are held according to the Rules.

Rules for tourist all-around competitions.

Technical distance class.

"Tourist all-around - water tourism."

Tourist all-around competitions consist of completing distances of the appropriate class, including the required minimum set of defining obstacles characteristic of a route of a similar difficulty category.

The use of artificial elements that simulate additional technical or tactical difficulty can increase the difficulty category of a real obstacle by only one category.

Competitions are held:

at a short technical distance (tourism technology distances: slalom distances, sprints on technically difficult rapids, etc.);

on a long technical distance (rally, relay race, marathon, orienteering, etc.);

at a technical safety distance (rescue operations, etc.).

Competitions can be held as team or individual competitions.

Team competitions are:

in case of participation of vessels whose crews consist of more than 2 athletes (B-3, K-4, raft, etc.);

in the case where the team consists of crews from different ships, and the composition of the team is specified in the Regulations on the competition.

Individual competitions are for vessels whose crew consists of two athletes.

Competitions can be held for men's, women's and mixed crews. Separate classifications are possible for men's, women's and mixed crews.

2) Classes of ships.

Competitions are held on tourist vessels, the recommended sizes of which are:

double kayaks, length 4.5 m, width 0.70 m;

kayaks and canoes, length 2.8 m;

double catamarans, length 3.5 m, width 1.6 m;

four-seater catamarans, length 4.5 m, width 2.0 m;

rafts, length 3.9, width 1.85 m;

free class.

Artificial increase in the size of the vessel is not allowed.

The classes of vessels and their sizes are determined by the Regulations on the competition.

3) Competition distance.

The distance is set on a local obstacle using gates, the nature and density of natural obstacles specified in the Conditions of the tasks and other methods.

The competition distances are divided into 6 classes according to the difficulty categories of local obstacles (I-VI class). Depending on the complexity of the distance, it is allowed to increase the distance class by one category.

The Russian Championship and the Russian Tourist All-Around Cup are held at no less than 2 distances with a difficulty level of at least V class. The two distances that count towards the International Championships are determined in advance by the Regulations.

Compliance with the distance class is determined by the competition inspector, who is part of the main panel of judges. At competitions of the International and All-Russian scale, in order to certify the distance class at which the standard of the Master of Sports of Russia is met, a competition inspector approved by the Central International Sports Committee and the Board of Judges of the FTS of Russia is included in the State Jury.

4) Types of distances.

Competitions over a short technical distance are held at a local obstacle having the appropriate difficulty class (I-VI).

In the absence of two obstacles of the appropriate difficulty class, the distance can be set on one local obstacle, provided that two different routes are set.

The length of the short distance, depending on the difficulty class, is as follows: from 200 m to 1200 m.

The line of movement over a short technical distance is set by installing gates on elements of the water flow: drains, barrels, waterfalls, shafts, clamps, etc.

The gate consists of two vertical poles suspended above the water. The length of the pole is at least 1.8 m, the diameter is 3.0 - 3.5 cm. Each pole along its length is painted with alternating rings of white and red, or rings of black and white, rings of green and white. In all cases, the width of the rings should be 200 mm. The bottom ring must in all cases be white.

Gate width between milestones (not less):

for kayaks and kayaks - . l,2 m.;

for catamarans - 2.8 m;

for rafts - 3.0 m.

In some cases, it is allowed to install one milestone.

The lower ends of the poles should be as close to the water as possible, but not swing from its movement.

Gates are numbered in order of passage.

Gate numbering plates and gate designations must be 30x30 cm in size. License plates, the letter "T" (time gate) must be painted in black on a yellow or white background. Numbers and letters should have a height of 20 cm, a line width of 2 cm. On the opposite side of the plate, these designations are crossed out diagonally. Signs are hung at the upper ends of the poles on the outside of the gate closest to the previous gate, or on the right side in the following order: gate number, signs with letters. The signs are hung facing the direction of the gate.

Long technical distance

Long-distance competitions are usually held on a multi-kilometer stretch of river. The distance consists of stages and is equipped with a start, finish (including intermediate ones), control points, places for handing over the relay, stages of assistance, run-out, etc. Additionally, gates can be installed to direct vessels to a given part of the flow.

Additional information (warnings, signs regulating the route of movement) may be posted on certain sections of the river.

Participants can be provided with a navigation guide, map, and stage diagram.

Technical safety distance.

Safety competitions are held on a section of the river 100 - 1500 m long.

The victims may be the crews of capsized ships, individual participants, or mannequins.

Safety competitions can be held either individually, for each class of vessel, or as a team competition.

Safety competitions involve classes of vessels that are determined by the Regulations on the Team Championship. A prerequisite for organizing team safety competitions is: completion of tasks at a distance by all classes of vessels.

To indicate the line of movement and execution maneuver assignments, boundary lines and point landmarks are used, which can indicate the zones of vessel capsize, rescue operations, finish line, etc. At the end of the rescue work area, a control line is indicated, the site of which is marked on both sides.

Linear landmarks and gates of the required width are used as limiting gates.

The finish of the distance is organized on the shore due to safety.

5) Completing the distance.

Short technical distance.

The gates are passed according to the markings: green gates - downstream, red gates - against the current, free-running gates have black and white milestones, the order of passing such gates is arbitrary.

A goal line is a straight line segment connecting the conditional extension of the milestones along the water. If there is one milestone, the goal line is indicated in accordance with the markings of the goal crossbar, a milestone on the shore, etc.

The beginning of a goal is considered to be the crossing of the goal line by the rower's body or any contact with the pole.

The end of a goal is considered to be: - the vessel leaving the goal line after at least one rower has crossed it;

the beginning of taking any next goal.

The crossing of the goal line by the rower is recorded if the head and entire body of the rower crossed the goal line.

The crossing of the goal line by the rower is recorded if the goal line has been crossed: in the class of ships K-1, B-1, B-2, B-3, K-2, K-4, Chester - the rower’s seat;

in the raft class of vessels (R-4, R-6), the raft is the head of the rower.

The crew's passing of the goal is judged between the beginning and the end of the goal. If there is no start to capture, the gate is considered not passed.

You are only allowed to go through each gate once. Repeated passage is allowed in case of necessary maneuver and is not judged.

It is an offense for any rower to cross the goal line in the opposite direction before the goal line has been crossed in the correct direction.

In team racing, time gates (bundles of gates) may be used. The time the team passes the goal (set of goals) is recorded. The time is counted between the start of scoring a goal by the first crew of a team and the end of scoring a goal by the last crew (for a set of goals, respectively, between the beginning of scoring the first goal and the end of scoring the last). The time for passing the time gate is stipulated by the Regulations or Conditions of the competition.

Participants may be given a trial attempt. The result is not determined.

6) Long distance.

Long-distance competitions involve a team covering a distance and going through stages. The result is determined as the sum of the time spent completing the distance and the penalty time received during the stages.

The stages and special tasks can be: speed rafting; solving tactical problems; short distance elements; rescue distance elements; passing difficult obstacles; orientation; imitation of hiking conditions of water tourism, etc.

Hidden control points may be installed along the distance. The installation of control points and the control time interval at the control point between the first and last crews of a team are stipulated by the Conditions.

After the launch, the crews can carry out additional reconnaissance from the shore. In particularly difficult places, an intermediate finish may be given to view the obstacle.

In the event of a capsize or breakdown of the vessel, the team can continue to travel the distance, provided that they eliminate the accident on their own.

To limit the duration of the competition, a control time is set at each stage, which is communicated to the participants before the start of the first crew.

Safety distance.

Safety competitions are carried out in the form of performing tasks that simulate the elimination of possible emergency situations on a water obstacle, specified in the Conditions for passing the distance (turning over and placing the vessel on the keel (with or without cargo) by one participant or team; rescuing a participant (dummy) with the help of: live bait, carrots, ship crew; transportation of an emergency vessel, by an athlete, another vessel; pilotage, mooring of an emergency vessel with the help of carrots; carrying around vessels along the course, organizing rescue operations using a boat, etc.).

The conditions of the competition determine the line of movement, the sequence of actions of the team, and methods of insurance.

If the crew is interfered with by another crew or objective reasons while completing the distance, then with the permission of the chief judge the crew is given the right to restart.

In the event of a re-run caused by interference from another crew, the largest penalty on each gate of the two attempts is counted towards the obstacle on which there was interference.

8) Start and Finish.

Start and finish locations must meet the following conditions. On the shore it is necessary to have a platform for placing ships, participants, spectators, and convenient places for launching and lifting ships. The start and finish line must be stationary and marked “Start” and “Finish” respectively. The finish line is marked on both sides.

When holding competitions, the following starts are used:

separate, in which crews (teams) start one at a time with a set interval;

group, in which groups of ships of the same or different classes start;

general, simultaneous start of all (crews) teams.

The start can be organized by general draw or forced (by decision of the Ground Jury, by rating, etc.).

A crew (team) that is late for the start is not allowed to participate in this attempt.

The starting order is specified in the Terms and Conditions.

The finish can be organized in two ways: on the water, on the shore.

On the water, the finish is fixed at the moment the body of the first rower of the crew crosses the finish line.

At the moment of crossing the finish line, the ship must be on an even keel and all crew members must be at their jobs.

In a number of types of competitions (for example, in safety competitions), the finish is fixed when the crew or team, with or without equipment, enters a given area on the shore.

9) Fines.

Short distance.

For passing the gate, depending on the nature of the mistakes, penalty points are awarded:

• 0 - crossing the goal line by all rowers of the vessel according to the marking without touching the poles (clean passage);
• 5 - crossing the goal line by all rowers of the vessel according to the marking with one or more touches of one pole or two poles;
• 20 - crossing the goal line according to the markings not by all rowers, but not less than half;
• 50 - failure to pass the gate; violation of marking; less than half of the crew's rowers crossing the goal line; Eskimo coup at the goal, when crossing the goal line in an inverted state.

For failure to pass individual gates, an increased fine may be imposed, but not more than 250 points. Information about this is communicated to participants before the start of the competition.

When passing a gate with several errors, the crew will receive one largest penalty for that gate.

When passing the “time gate” (set of gates), the main panel of judges may impose the following penalty:

50 - for exceeding the time interval established for passing the “time gate” (a set of gates) before the start of the competition;

as the difference between the established Conditions and the actual time for passing the gate.

If the finish is organized as passing through a course gate, the passage of these gates is judged according to the rules.

Deliberately throwing away the poles in order to pass the gate - 50. (Not judged if the oar blade is in the water, the rower's body is in a working position that allows passing the gate).

Long distance:

Over a long distance, a penalty is established for errors in passing the stages specified in the Conditions;

In the case of stages involving the passage of gates, penalties are applied according to the conditions;

Safety distance:

In safety competitions, the penalty is set by the Terms and Conditions;

In the case where stages are associated with passing gates, penalties are applied in accordance with the rules for passing gates (penalties are applied at gates in accordance with the rules);

for passing gates (fines at the gates are applied according to the rules);

For loss of equipment (5 points for each item, 50 points for a ship);

For failure to pass an obstacle, failure to complete tasks, gross errors in fulfilling the requirements agreed upon before the start of the competition, fines of up to 250 points may be awarded, of which the competition areas must be notified in advance.

10) Alarm.

Gate judges use signal discs to notify senior judges, participants and spectators. The disk is a circle with a diameter of 30 cm or a square with a side of 30 cm with cut corners and having a handle.

The discs on both sides have numbers and are painted in colors: 0 - white, 5 - yellow, 20 - blue, 50 - red. The numbers must be 20 and 10 cm in height and width, respectively, and the line width is 2 cm. The color of the number on the disk must be in contrast to the color of the disk.

When passing a gate, the judges raise discs corresponding to the penalty received by the crew at that gate.

If the competition conditions are violated (for example, safety), the judge raises the red disc and swings it from side to side.

11) Disqualification.

The crew (team) is disqualified for this attempt (stage):

for being late at the start;

if the equipment or vessel did not pass the technical commission, or changes were made to them after passing the technical commission that contradict these Rules or the Regulations for these competitions;

if at the time of finishing a long distance not the entire crew was on the ship, or the ship was in an inverted state;

for violations in long-distance and safety competitions stipulated by the Terms.

12) Ensuring security.

Only vessels in technically sound condition are allowed to compete. The design of the vessel and its components should make it easy to leave the vessel and not cause injury to participants.

When completing the distance, each participant must wear a helmet and life jacket.

The kayak must be unsinkable and have a harness.

The regulations may determine additional requirements for equipment of participants and equipment of vessels.

Vessels other than kayaks and canoes must be equipped with lifelines.

The competition regulations must indicate an option for ensuring the safety of participants at a distance (by teams, referee insurance, other options).

13) Time to complete the distance.

The time to complete the distance is measured:

in a team race from the moment the first crew starts until the last crew finishes;

in the crew race from the moment the crew starts until the moment the crew finishes.

14) Determination of results.

The result of the crew (team) in an attempt at a short, long distance and safety is determined as the sum of the time to complete the distance and penalty points in this attempt. When counting, the time is converted into points (1 second corresponds to one point).

When calculating the result, penalty points are converted into time (one point is equal to one second).

The result of a team (crew) on a short course is determined as the sum of the results of two attempts or stages (courses). The best place is awarded to the team (crew) with the lower result. In case of equality of results, preference is given to the crew (team) with the least penalty time.

In case of equal results and penalty time, the teams are awarded the same places and the corresponding number of places is not awarded.

Crews that do not have a full number of qualifying attempts in this type of competition take places after crews that have a full qualifying attempt.

The assignment of categories at a short distance is carried out in the following cases:

if at least twelve crews K-1, B-2, K-2 completed the distance;

if at least eight B-3 crews completed the distance;

if at least six crews of K-4, Raft - 4, another ship with a crew of 4 people completed the distance;

if at least four Raft-6 crews have completed the distance, another vessel with a crew of 6 people.

Overall team places are determined as the sum of places taken at different distances of the competition. The winner is determined by the lowest number of places.

MUK "Taseevsky Museum of Local Lore" is an organization that is an applicant for participation in the long-term target program "Culture of Krasnoyarsk" for 2010 - 2012, in connection with this, the project "Cultural and tourist route "Taseevskaya Partisan Republic" was developed." In the sociocultural space of the territories of the eastern group of districts of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, it is proposed to organize a single cultural and tourist route, united by the common theme of a unique historical event during the civil war in Siberia - the Taseevskaya partisan republic.

The main object of the cultural and tourist route will be the Taseevskaya Partisan Republic, the program of which involves the following stages:

• 1. Visit to the Taseevsky Museum of Local Lore.
• 2. Tour of the buildings of the village. Taseevo, where strategic facilities of the warring parties were located during the civil war.
• 3. Visiting real places of battles between partisans and Kolchak’s troops (preserved trenches, battle sites)
• 4. Excursion to the monuments to the fallen partisans in the area.

The main goal of the program: increasing interest in the history of the region through the creation of a cultural and tourism brand “Taseevskaya Partisan Republic”

Program objectives: to organize a single cultural and tourist route in the sociocultural space of the territories of the eastern group of districts of the Krasnoyarsk Territory based on a unique historical event during the Civil War, to create a cultural and tourism cluster based on the unification of cultural projects of several territories associated with the period of the Taseevskaya partisan republic, to carry out interaction with industries: education, youth policy, tourism, sports, etc.

Also this year, the department for culture, youth and sports of the Taseevsky district administration developed a regional target program “Development of tourism and patriotic areas of youth policy in the Taseevsky district for 2011.” This program is aimed at solving several priority tasks in the field of youth policy in the Taseevsky district:

• - improving the system of patriotic education of youth;
• - development and support of various types of youth tourism;
• - improving the health of adolescents and young people through active physical education and sports activities.

Tourism in modern society plays an increasingly important role due to its direct impact on the social sphere. The choice of tourism as one of the types of sectoral specialization of youth affairs bodies is determined not only by the presence of a unique set of tourist resources, but also by the condition for the most effective use of the total socio-cultural potential of the territory. Being an important means of physical and spiritual healing, education, knowledge and raising the cultural level of young people, tourism can have a stimulating effect on such sectors of the economy as transport, trade, and the production of consumer goods. Currently, there are a sufficient number of projects, programs or individual events aimed at or related to issues of patriotic education, but these events or projects are local in nature and operate exclusively within educational institutions. This program will help ensure wider coverage of adolescents and combine the capabilities of qualified teachers and instructors into a single educational system. It also becomes possible to use the services of external specialists to implement those areas that cannot be provided by specialists from the Taseevsky district. The created infrastructure of the field tent camp can also allow for other specialized field camp shifts, depending on emerging needs. For example, the site can be used to conduct a specialized sports session, where it will be possible to consolidate the efforts of specialists in the field of physical culture and sports of the Taseevsky district to prepare and improve the performance of young people involved in sports associations. And even taking into account the fact that the range of forms for implementing programs for patriotic education, tourism and sports for teenagers is wide, it is not used in the system of summer health camps in the Taseevsky district, so this program seems relevant.

The novelty of the program: a qualitatively new approach to the issues of patriotic education, recreation and health improvement in the Taseevsky district; consolidation of efforts of subjects of patriotic education and health improvement of children and adolescents.

Goals and objectives: development and support of various types of youth sports, recreational and sports-educational tourism; development and support of cultural tourism; improving the system of military-patriotic education; development of the youth search movement; improving the health of adolescents and young people through active physical education and recreational activities; attracting teenagers and young people to participate in meaningful community activities; organizing recreation and employment for teenagers, involving them in participation in cultural events of a tourist and military-patriotic nature and community service.

• 1. Organization and ensuring the development of tourist routes in various directions:
  • a) cycling - special category hikes that involve completing the route on a bicycle;
  • b) water - special category trips that involve rafting on rivers, passing through lakes or other bodies of water;
  • c) skiing - special category hikes, involving the passage of a route on skis along the plains, foothills and mid-mountains;
  • d) pedestrian - special category hikes, the routes of which are laid along the plain or in the foothills, low mountains, in almost any area;
  • e) cultural - historical - tourism for the purpose of familiarization and knowledge of cultural heritage, trips to places of historical significance;
  • f) religious - trips to holy places;
  • g) speleotourism - special category tourist trips that involve passing routes through caves and karst cavities underground.

This section involves the development of appropriate routes through the territory of Taseevsky and neighboring areas, the formation of groups from among young people and walking along these routes. Religious routes include the location of Kultuk, in the vicinity of the village. Troitsk In terms of cultural and historical routes, the river occupies a special place. Kaytym, the site of one of the most famous battles of the North Kan Front of the Civil War, or to the site of the battle near the village of Yakovlevo. The Taseevsky district's hydraulic network, represented by the Usolka, Taseeva and Biryusa rivers, is ideal for the development of water tourism.

• 2. Organization and conduct of events in the field of military and civil patriotic education of youth.
• 3. Activities of the field tent camp.

Expected results.

• - development of various types of tourism (organization of new tourist routes);
• - creating conditions for the full health and recreation of young people;
• - ensuring sustainable development of the tourism sector in the Taseevsky district;
• - improving the quality of implementation of military and civil patriotic education of youth;
• -increase in the number of young people involved in military and civil patriotic associations;
• - participation of young people in search expeditions, military-patriotic rallies and festivals of search teams;
• - formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle.

Proposed activities to develop tourism in the area:

• - holding sports events and competitions.
• - organization of sports and amateur hunting and fishing
• - organization of ecological trails
• - opening of bus excursion routes, historical and local history and

archaeological.

• - development of rural tourism; determine measures for the participation of the district administration and village councils in using the opportunity to organize routes;
• - development of exhibition tourism, promoting the organization of exhibitions and fairs of folk art products;
• - holding regional seminars on tourism development;
• - organizing leisure time for vacationers, holding discos, getting to know national traditions.

The implementation of such measures will create: a tourism industry as an integral part of the economy of the Taseevsky district; satisfy the needs of domestic and foreign tourists for travel and recreation, features of the formation of the tourism market in the region. The development of tourism in the region will allow preserving the cultural and historical heritage of the region, creating a positive image of the region, creating new jobs, and increasing revenues to the region’s budget. The development of priority areas of the tourism business will help attract investment for the development of the territory.

Mass sports and tourism events include:

1) days of health and sports, in which the entire contingent of the educational institution takes part; are held once a month;

2) competitions in sports: competitions according to the sports competitions program for vocational education students; mass competitions under the motto “Everyone starts!”, competitions in sports games and professional applied sports; competitions in summer and winter sports, etc.;

3) tourism: tourist trips, tourist rallies and competitions (tourist skills, tourist technology and orienteering).

The final indicators of the effectiveness of physical education in colleges of vocational education and secondary specialized educational institutions are the state of health and physical fitness in accordance with the requirements of the physical education program of students and the chosen profession.

Test questions for practical classes.

1. Objectives of physical education for students of colleges and secondary educational institutions.

2. Lessons in physical education, their organization and content.

3. Characteristics of optional and additional classes in physical education and sports.

4. Physical education and health activities during the school day.

5.Organization of mass sports and tourist events.

Lecture 23

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AT UNIVERSITY

Lecture outline

1. Planning, accounting and control of training sessions.

2. Forms of classes.

3. Program material.

4. Distribution of students among academic departments.

5. Approximate content of educational material.

6. Test questions for practical classes.

Planning, accounting and control of training sessions

The main form of teaching physical education at a university is training in all courses, with the exception of graduation.

The work of the physical education departments of universities is planned on the basis of the basic curriculum and includes:

Work plan of the department for the academic year;

A working curriculum for the entire period of study;

Curriculum for the year;

Notes for a separate lesson;

Teacher's training journal.

Work programs are drawn up for all students in academic departments and include:

Main tasks, means, methods for solving them and methods of monitoring the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities;

Volume" and sequence of mastering the content of educational material by year of study;

Mandatory minimum of sports and recreational activities and competitions for students.

Accounting and control of the development of educational material is carried out through assessment:

The level of physical education of students (provided mainly through a theoretical course);

Level of physical fitness (provided by a practical course);

Systematic physical exercise and chosen sport; :

Level of professional applied physical training (provided by a methodological course).

Forms of classes

The subject "Physical Education" is taught in the following forms: Training sessions:

Lectures, practical, methodological classes;

Consultations aimed at assisting students in mastering the theoretical principles of physical education methods, developing skills in organizing and conducting independent physical exercises;

Individual practical classes are conducted for students with poor physical fitness who have not mastered practical material due to absences from classes for valid reasons and health conditions. These classes are organized by the department during the academic year, during vacations or various forms of practice,

Extracurricular activities:

Physical exercises in the daily routine (exercises, athletic exercises with weights, recreational swimming, walking, running, skiing, skating, etc.)

Classes in sports sections, mountaineering and hiking clubs, as well as health, athletic and other physical training groups on a paid basis.

Extracurricular activities ensure that students maintain a high level of physical performance and contribute to the fulfillment of program requirements (Table 23.1). Management, control and consultation of all forms of classes is carried out by the teaching staff of the departments of physical education.

Table 23.1 – Forms and focus of educational and extracurricular activities