Presentation on the topic of the internal structure of fish. Presentation "internal structure of fish". characterization of the swim bladder

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Slide captions:

Internal structure, reproduction and development of fish Sports, be mistaken, make mistakes, but, for God’s sake, think, and although crookedly, yes yourself. Gotthald Lessing

Bone skeleton of a fish The basis of the bone skeleton is the spine and skull

Internal structure The body cavity of fish contains the digestive organs: the esophagus, stomach, intestines and liver, as well as the swim bladder, heart, paired kidneys and gonads.

Digestive system Fish jaws have small or large teeth

Respiratory system Fish respiratory organs - gills

Circulatory system, heart, blood vessels. Fish have only one circle of blood circulation. The system is closed.

Structure of the heart The heart of fish consists of one atrium and one ventricle. There is always venous blood in the heart. atrium vein artery ventricle

Blood vessels Arteries Veins atrium vein artery ventricle these are the vessels through which blood leaves the heart these are the vessels through which blood returns to the heart

PHYSICAL MINUTE

Nervous system The nervous system consists of: the brain and spinal cord and departing nerves

Brain diencephalon cerebellum medulla oblongata forebrain midbrain

Reproduction of fish Fish are dioecious. Females lay eggs, males lay milk containing sperm. Fertilization in most bony fishes is external.

Fish larvae

Fish development

Test answers: 1 – B 2 – C 3 – A 4 – A 5 – C

Evaluation criteria: All answers are correct – “5” 4 correct answers – “4” 3 correct answers – “3” 2 correct answers – “2”

Homework § 32.33 Sports, be mistaken, make mistakes, but, for God’s sake, think, and even if it’s crooked, do it yourself. Gotthald Lessing

Preview:

Test

Internal structure of fish

1. The skeleton of a fish consists of:

A – skull and spine

2. Heart of fish:

A – single-chamber

B – three-chamber

B - two-chamber

A – external fertilization

5. Circulatory system of fish:

A – closed, no heart

B – closed, has a heart

Test

Internal structure of fish

1. The skeleton of a fish consists of:

A – skull and spine

B – skull, spine and skeleton of fins

B – spine and skeleton of fins

2. Heart of fish:

A – single-chamber

B – three-chamber

B - two-chamber

3. The nervous system of fish consists of:

A – brain and spinal cord, nerves

B – brain and nerves

B – brain and spinal cord

4. Most fish are characterized by:

A – external fertilization

B – internal fertilization

5. Circulatory system of fish:

A – closed, no heart

B – open, has a heart

B – closed, has a heart

Preview:

Lesson on:

"Internal structure, reproduction and development of fish."

Biology teacher of the highest category, MBOU OOSH “School No. 226”

Shilova Tatyana Viktorovna.

The purpose of the lesson: form an idea of ​​the internal structure of fish.

Lesson objectives:

Educational : consolidate knowledge about the general features of chordates, continue to form an idea of ​​vertebrate animals using the example of river perch, its internal structure, and form an idea of ​​vertebrate organ systems.

Developmental : develop logical thinking, the ability to compare, highlight the main thing.

Educational: cultivate a love of nature and a culture of communication.

Equipment: computer presentation, computer, multimedia complex.

During the classes.

1 Studying new material.

Slide 1

Hello guys, my name is Tatyana Viktorovna. Today, while working in class, we will discover another secret of biological science. But first I would like to draw your attention to the wordsGotthold Lessing (read out). I would like these words to be the guiding thread of our lesson.

Remember what animals you met in the last lesson?(fish)

What place do they occupy in the animal world?(what type and class do they belong to) well done, thank you!

? What features of the external structure of fish did you learn in the last lesson?(streamlined body shape, presence of fins, skin covered with scales and mucus, etc.)

On click

Today in the lesson we will conduct research, during which we will try to find out: “The internal structure, reproduction and development of fish.” This is the topic of our lesson, please write it down.

Slide 2

Let's start getting acquainted with the internal structure of fish - with the skeleton.

? Why do you think a skeleton is needed?(support, protection).

On the slide you see the bony skeleton of a fish.What main parts does it consist of?I suggest you discuss this question in pairs, 1 minute per discussion. We listen to your answers......

Now let's see if this is true.

On click

Yes, you were right, the skeleton of a fish consists of a skull, a spine and a skeleton of fins (write it down in your notebook).

The skull includes: skull, upper and lower jaws, eye socket bones, gill covers.

What does the spine of a fish consist of?Well done, these are vertebrae.

Are they all the same in the fish skeleton?(No)

As we can see, the spine of a fish consists of different vertebrae, which form two sections: the body and the tail. The trunk vertebrae are special, they consist of a body and three spinous processes - one process is directed upward, and two look downward, with ribs adjacent to them.

What do you guys think, why are ribs needed?(that's right, to protect internal organs)

Slide 3

The body cavity of a fish contains organs and organ systems.

What organ systems do you already know?(called) Well done.

Slide 4

We continue our research. This is the digestive system.

What organs make up the digestive system?(answers) Okay, well done, let's see if we named the organs of the digestive system correctly.

Click

What feature do you think there is in the digestive system of fish that distinguishes it from other previously studied animals?I suggest discussing this with your deskmate or finding the answer in the textbook (p. 156) (answer: teeth) click Write this down in your notebook.

Slide 5

The next system we will get acquainted with is respiratory

What is the main habitat of fish?(water) correct.

Click . All aquatic animals have a special respiratory organ - gills.

Fish constantly swallow water. From the oral cavity, water passes through the gill slits, washes the gills and comes out from under the gill covers.

On click

Gills consist of: gill arch, stamens and petals

Stamens – protect the delicate gills from clogging with food particles.

The petals are penetrated by the smallest blood vessels - capillaries. Gas exchange occurs through the walls of the capillaries: the blood is saturated with oxygen, and carbon dioxide is released into the water.

Slide 6

The next object of our research iscirculatory system.

What feature in the structure of the circulatory system can you note?I suggest discussing this with your neighbor (closed, has a heart, one circle of blood circulation).

Slide 7

The heart of fish is two-chambered - consists of an atrium and a ventricle.The heart contracts very weakly and rarely - only 20 beats per minute.

Slide 8

The large blood vessels of fish are arteries and veins.

How would you define a blood vessel - an artery?Look at the picture, maybe it will help you, or discuss the answer in pairs.

And so: an artery is...

Vienna is... (write it down in your notebook) click definition on the slide.

Slide 9 – charging

Slide 10

The coordinated functioning of organs and organ systems is ensured by the nervous system.

What features in the structure of the nervous system can you name?(consists of the g/m and s/m and the nerves extending from them; located on the dorsal side).

Slide 11

The fish brain has five sections: medulla oblongata, anterior, intermediate, middle and cerebellum. Thanks to this structure of the brain, fish can form simple conditioned reflexes.

Are there any fishermen among you? Explain why the fish are fed for several days before fishing?(correctly or I explain myself)

You can observe the formation of a simple conditioned reflex in aquarium fish (story)

Slide 12

Fish are dioecious animals.

The reproductive organs of females are the ovaries, in which the eggs - eggs - mature.

The reproductive organs of males are the testes (milt), in which sperm mature.

Fertilization in fish is external, since the fusion of sperm and egg occurs outside the female’s body.

Slide 13

From the fertilized eggs, larvae first appear, which live and develop due to the yolk sac.

Slide 14

Then the larvae become covered with scales, their mouths erupt, and they become fry. The fry grow, feed and develop into adult fish.

Our study is over, I suggest you take a test and check what you remember when studying new material.

Slide 15 - answers

Slide 16 – evaluation criteria

Peer review, grading. Who passed the test on 5, 4. Are there those who failed the test?

Slide 17

D/z § 32.33. click

In conclusion, I want to return to the words that became the motto of our lesson

Today we learned how fish work. We were wrong, we tried to reason, “although it’s crooked, but on our own.” I would like you to follow this motto not only in class, but also in life.

Thank you guys, it was a pleasure working with you.

In the body section of the fish there is a large body cavity in which the internal organs are located.

Musculoskeletal system:

The organs are protected from above by the spine, and from the sides by the ribs. The skull and spine protect the central nervous system. The bones of the skeleton provide support for the muscles.

Musculoskeletal system - fish skeleton

The skeleton of a fish consists of a large number of bones. Its basis is a flexible and elastic spine. The skull protects the brain and organs of the head, and also forms the hard base of the jaws.

Vertebra

swim bladder

Most modern fish have a reservoir of air in their body cavity - a swim bladder. Its volume completely balances two forces - the gravity of the Earth, which pulls the fish to the bottom, and the Archimedean force (the buoyant action of water). By controlling the volume of the bubble, the fish changes the depth at which it can hover.

Digestive and excretory systems

Food passes through pharynx to esophagus and stomach, usually extensible. The walls of the stomach secrete gastric juice, under the influence of which food begins to be digested. Then, in the small intestine, the juice acts on the food pancreas and bile, coming from the liver. The supply of bile accumulates in the gallbladder. In the capillaries of the kidneys, waste products are filtered from the blood, forming urine. It is excreted through the ureter into the bladder and then out

Nervous system

The nervous system of fish includes the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (nerves). The central nervous system has the shape of a tube. Its posterior section is located in the canal formed by the upper vertebral arches. Nerves extend from the spinal cord between each pair of vertebrae to the right and left, transmitting signals to the muscles of the body and fins. Signals travel through nerves from sensory cells on the fish’s body to the spinal cord.

Brain

The anterior part of the fish's neural tube is expanded and forms the brain, consisting of several sections. Signals from the senses and from different parts of the body enter the brain through nerves.

Respiratory system

Respiratory system located in the pharynx area. The skeletal support of the gill apparatus is provided by four pairs of vertical gill arches, to which the gill plates are attached. They consist of fringed gill filaments , inside which there are thin-walled blood vessels branching into capillaries. Gas exchange occurs through the walls of capillaries: absorption of oxygen from water and release of carbon dioxide. Water moves between the gill filaments due to the contraction of the pharyngeal muscles and the movement of the gill covers. The gill arches have gill rakers. They protect the soft, delicate gills from becoming clogged with food particles.

Circulatory system

The circulatory system of fish is closed. It consists of the heart and blood vessels: those leaving the heart (arteries) and carrying blood to the heart (veins). Two-chambered heart, comprises atrium and ventricle . One circle of blood circulation.

Reproductive system

The reproductive system of the female consists of paired ovaries and oviducts, and the male - of paired testes and vas deferens. In an inactive state, in both sexes it is small in volume and hardly noticeable. By the time of reproduction in both sexes it increases and can occupy a significant part of the body cavity.

The structure of vertebrates

The structure of vertebrates

ANSWERS

I - 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20

II - 4, 21

III - 7, 9, 21

V – 11, 13, 16, 19

VI – 1, 5, 6, 8, 10

Evaluation criteria

“5” - 1-3 errors

“4” - 4-5 errors

“3” - 6-7 errors

“2” - more than 7 errors

Internet resources used

Internet resources used

Lesson on learning new material

Teacher: Vasilyeva Z. N.

Lesson topic :

Features of the structure of the internal organ systems of fish in connection with their functions.

Lesson objectives: 1. Reveal the structural features of the internal organ systems of the fish body in connection with life in water and their functional significance. 2. Recognize the organs and organ systems of fish on preparations, tables, and drawings.

Equipment:

Table “Type Chordata. Class Fish. River perch."

Relief table "Internal structure of fish."

During the classes I .Organizing time. II .Activation of knowledge. Fill out the table.

Body parts

Skeletal departments

Bones that form the skeleton

Torso

Functions of departments

Spine

A ) trunk region

b) caudal section

Fins

a) paired

b )unpaired

Skeleton of paired fins

Skeleton of unpaired fins

III .Learning new material .

Characteristics of fish and the features of their adaptability to the aquatic environment will be incomplete without considering the features of the internal structure of these animals.

To complete this task, work is organized in groups of 4 people (each group receives a questionnaire and a sheet of blank paper). Using the textbook text, additional material and tables, prepare a speech in front of the class.

Digestive system

Prove that there is a relationship between the structure of the digestive system and the functions it performs.

1. What do fish eat?

2. In which organs of the system and with the participation of which glands does digestion take place? What is the essence of this process?

3.What are the similarities between the digestive systems of invertebrates?

and vertebrates?

4. Draw a conclusion.

Respiratory system

Prove what's between the building

respiratory system and functions,

which she performs exists

relationship.

1.Where does fish get oxygen for

breathing?

2. Where there is more oxygen, in the air

or in the water?

3.What gas does fish release into the water?

4.What structure do the gills have?

5. How the gill works

apparatus? Draw a conclusion.

Circulatory system

1 . How many chambers does the heart of a fish consist of? Why might it be shrinking?

2. Can blood move from the ventricle to the atrium?

3. What vessels are called arteries, veins, capillaries?

4. Which blood is called arterial?, and which is called venous?.

5. Why is the circulatory system called closed?

6.What is the difference between the circulatory system of invertebrates and

vertebrates?

7.Draw a conclusion .

Excretory system

Prove that between the structure of the excretory system and

the functions it performs are interconnected.

1.What harmful substances accumulate in body cells in

process of digestion and respiration.?

2. How do liquid substances reach the kidneys?

3.What will happen to the fish if its excretory system does not work?

4.Use additional material to compile a characteristic of the excretory system systems.

5. Draw a conclusion .

swim bladder

Prove that there is a relationship between the structure of the swim bladder and its functions.

1. Where is the swim bladder located?

2.What is it filled with?

3.Name all the functions of the swim bladder.

4.Do all fish have a swim bladder?

5.Use additional material for

compilation of characteristics of the swim bladder.

6. Draw a conclusion.

Metabolism

Prove that there is a relationship between the structure and functioning of organ systems and the level of metabolism.

1. What is metabolism?

2. What substances (during breathing and feeding) enter the fish’s body.

3.What transformations occur with them in the body

fish?

4.What substances harmful to the body are released in

water?

5.Why are fish called cold-blooded animals?

6. Draw a conclusion.

IV. Consolidation

Fill out the table .

Organ systems

Structural features

1.Internal skeleton

3.Digestive organs

4.Respiratory organs

5.Circulatory system

6.Organs of excretion

7. Nervous system

1. Food that enters the body passes through the intestinal tract.

2.Fishes breathe through gills, absorbing oxygen dissolved in water.

The gills consist of gill arches and gill filaments, pierced.

blood vessels.

3. The excretory organs of fish are the trunk kidneys, thanks to which the blood is cleansed of harmful waste products.

4. The circulatory system of fish is of a closed type. One circle of blood circulation.

The heart is two-chambered, consisting of the atrium and ventricles.

5. Fish are cold-blooded animals.

6. The swim bladder plays an important role in the life of most fish, being a hydrostatic apparatus and a regulator of gases in the blood.

Homework.

1.Terms, characteristics of the internal structure of fish.

2.Individual task: messages “Spawning migrations of fish”, “Development of fish”.

Literature

Short course for schoolchildren and applicants “Biology” by G.I. Lokshin

http://fish/geoman.ru

Illustrated encyclopedia of fish.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Spine - axial skeleton Comprised of numerous bony vertebrae. The vertebral bodies are concave anteriorly and posteriorly. The space formed between the concave surfaces of adjacent vertebrae and the narrow canal running through the center of the vertebral bodies are filled with remnants of the notochord. The spine is divided into two sections: trunk and caudal. The vertebrae of these sections differ in their structure. A - trunk vertebra 1 - vertebral body 2 - transverse process 3 - rib 4 - superior arch 5 - superior spinous process 8 - muscular bone B - caudal vertebra 1 - vertebral body 4 - superior arch 5 - superior spinous process 6 - inferior arch 7 - inferior spinous process The spinal cord is located in the canal formed by the upper arches of the vertebrae. In the channel formed by the lower arches there are blood vessels.

6 slide

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Fins - limbs Bones (scapulae, coracoids, postoclavicular and others), attaching the pectoral fins to the bones of the skull, form the girdle of the forelimbs. The bones that attach the pelvic fins to the abdominal muscles form the girdle of the hind limbs (pelvic girdle). The skin bone rays of the free limbs (pectoral and ventral fins) are directly attached to the girdles of the limbs. The anal and dorsal fins consist of bony rays, divided into internal (hidden in the thickness of the muscles) and external fin rays. The caudal fin consists of a rod-shaped bone and overgrown vertebral arches. The external skeleton of the caudal fin is composed of numerous cutaneous rays.

7 slide

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Musculature The musculature of fish is represented by striated muscles of the trunk, fins and head.

8 slide

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Swim bladder Found only in the body of bony fish. It is an outgrowth of the rectum formed at an early stage of development, filled with gas, which in the process of ontogenesis in some fish loses its connection with the intestine and becomes isolated. Functions: Adjusts immersion depth; Participates in the perception and production of sounds; Some species have an additional respiratory organ.

Slide 9

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Digestive system Features: no salivary glands; the oral cavity of peaceful fish serves to filter and squeeze food out of the water; the tongue does not have its own muscles; The teeth of predatory fish grow to the bones or are movably connected to them. As they wear out, they are replaced with new ones. Peaceful fish do not have teeth. in the pharynx - gill slits; There are stomachless fish, for example, carp.

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Respiratory system The respiratory organ of fish is the gills. Fish breathe oxygen dissolved in water. In bony fishes, the movements of the oral and gill apparatus combine the pumping (oral cavity) and suction (gill cavity) principles, which ensures intensive movement of water through the gills. When fish move quickly, the breathing mechanism is passive (the fish swims with its mouth open, washing its gills).

12 slide

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Circulatory system The circulatory system is closed. There is one circle of blood circulation. The movement of blood is ensured by the contraction of the two-chambered heart. The vessels that carry blood from the heart are arteries, the vessels that carry blood to the heart are veins. The smallest blood vessels are capillaries. Blood saturated with oxygen is called arterial, and blood saturated with carbon dioxide is called venous.

Slide 13

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Excretory system The excretory organs of fish are the trunk ribbon-shaped buds located above the swim bladder.

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Sense organs The eyes of fish are the organ of vision, quite large, they have a flat cornea and a spherical lens. Century no. Pisces see at close range and distinguish colors. The nostrils are the olfactory organs through which fish perceive the odors of substances dissolved in water. The hearing organs (inner ear) are located on the sides of the head inside the skull. Next to the inner ear there is an organ of balance, thanks to which the fish senses the position of its body, moving up and down. On the sides of the fish's body there are lateral line organs - channels lying in the skin under the scales, at the bottom of which there are sensitive cells that perceive water vibrations. With the help of the lateral line organ, the fish perceives the direction of flow and water pressure, the presence of obstacles, and sound vibrations. Touch receptors are located in cartilaginous fish in areas of the body not covered with scales. In teleosts, they are scattered throughout the body, the bulk is concentrated on the fins and lips - they make it possible to feel touch. Electroreception is a sensory organ of cartilaginous fish and some bony fish (electric catfish) that senses electric fields.

Slide 17

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Reproduction Fish are dioecious animals. The reproductive organs of males are the testes (milt), and the reproductive organs of females are the ovaries. Fertilization is external. The process of reproduction in fish is called spawning, and the movement of fish to spawning sites is called spawning migrations. Some species of fish, for example, aquarium guppies, mollies, and swordtails, are capable of viviparity. Fertilized eggs are retained in the oviducts of females, and the larvae that develop from them are born capable of independent life. Viviparity also occurs in sharks. The number of eggs laid by different species varies greatly - from a few pieces in the polar shark to 200 million in the sea pike and 300 million in the sunfish.

Slide description:

Features of the internal structure of fish associated with an aquatic lifestyle 1. Respiratory organ - gills (they breathe oxygen dissolved in water) 2. The presence of a swim bladder in bony fish (with a change in its volume, the buoyancy of the fish changes) 3. The sense of smell is well developed (allows it to stay in a school and find food) 4. There is a lateral line (an organ that allows you not to collide with underwater objects, detect the approach and departure of a predator, prey or pack partner, sense the flow of water) 5. The organ of hearing and balance is represented only by the inner ear (high speed of propagation sound vibrations in water and the high sound conductivity of fish body tissues make it possible to perceive sounds quite well with a relatively simple structure of the hearing organ) 6. Fish are poikilothermic animals, the life activity of which depends on the temperature of the water. 7. External fertilization

“The musculoskeletal system of fish” - The second pair, called the pharyngeal or pharyngeal, is located behind the skull. Guppy. Moray eels have two pairs of jaws. Butterfly fish (sea). Ancistrus-stellate1-150x150. Angel fish. Lower the gill apparatus and the floor of the oral cavity. Anthias. Lunar gourami.

"In the World of Fishes" - The Missing Fish. Superfluous word. Living fossil. In the world of fish. Puzzles. This is interesting. Quiz "Did you know?" Crosschainword "Fish". A type of mirror carp. Mosaic "Marine and freshwater". Puzzle ""Well settled"". A little history. Puzzles. Fish.

“Pisces in Winter” - The cold weather has struck. The stronger the frost, the thicker the ice. Holes can be cut using crowbars and ice axes. You can make something like this for fish<дома>. Fish practically cannot live in the cleared beds of straightened rivers. Winter is no less terrible for the inhabitants of rivers and lakes. Winter. The length of the garlands depends on the depth of spawning - somewhere around a meter. Fish cannot be served well under thick ice. Rivers and ponds were covered with thin ice.

“Species diversity of fish” - Body temperature. Devil. Squad Stingray. The role of oxygen. Number of brain regions. Phylum Chordata. Classification of the superclass of fish. Fertility of fish. Subclass Whole-headed. Body temperature of fish. Pisces see nearby objects. Fish class. Subphylum Vertebrates. Flounder. Tuna. Class Bony fish. Lobe-finned fish. Diversity of fish superclass. The role of oxygen in the body. Class Cartilaginous fish. Fish larva.

“Fish names” - Number of fish species. Herring order. What kind of fish are called weeds? Superclass Pisces. Salmoniformes. Reasons for the decline in species numbers. Stingray stingray. Sharks. Order lungfish. Fishes of the Ob North. Atlantic sturgeon. Order sturgeon. Tugun. The order includes freshwater and anadromous fish forms. Muksun. White shark. Class Cartilaginous. Secrets of the life of fish. Carp lives in fresh waters. Stingrays. Salmon is the most famous species of salmon.

“The importance and diversity of fish” - Variety of appearance. Reveal the variety of fish. Choose the numbers of the correct judgments. What determines the color of fish? The main groups of fish, their role in nature. Fill out the table. The importance of fish in nature and human life. We know a lot about fish. The meaning of fish. Variety of fish. Types of fish. Others have inherited from nature a prophetically blind instinct.