Weight loss: thinness, emaciation, weight loss. Thinness in men causes

There are two extremes regarding body weight. Excessive obesity and painful thinness. Men and women exhaust themselves with all sorts of diets, physical activity (exercise) to lose weight. But there is another group of people for whom the question “how to gain weight quickly?” far from idle.

What causes thinness

People suffer from thinness when exposed to various causes:

The desire to increase body weight with thinness to normal levels occurs both in men, women, and in boys and girls. If insufficient weight is caused by health disorders, then you should first find out the cause, get rid of the disease, and then you can come to grips with the question of how to gain weight correctly without adverse health effects.

If everything is in order with health, and weight is not gained, then you should find various ways to increase body weight.

What is the danger of excessive thinness for health

If you do not deal with the elimination of thinness, then a person can “get” such alarming signs:

• weakening of general immunity (diseases easily break through the protective barrier of the body);
• vitality drops;
• nervousness with insomnia and bad mood;
• appetite below the average healthy level;
• bones become thinner (tendency to fractures);
• libido decreases;
• hair turns gray prematurely and falls out;
• accelerated tissue aging.

The role of fat in the body

It is important for the body to have spare fat. It plays the role of an energy reserve in the first place. And secondly, it protects the body from external influences. Fat stores are located mostly under the skin. In ancient times, gladiators built up a lot of fat before fights. What did it give them? First of all, protection against large blood loss during cuts. With sufficient reserves of fat, the athlete is not afraid of shallow wounds and cuts. In the absence of such fatty protection, even small cuts will lead to fatal consequences. Nature has a protective mechanism in the form of body fat. The baby is born not muscular and thin, but with a supply of fat.

Fat is distributed throughout the human body in those places where the muscles are weakened. Therefore, you can be very thin, eat a lot and gain excess weight in the abdomen and hips.

What can make you gain weight

How can you gain weight? The choice of a specific type of body weight gain depends on what result you want to achieve. Accumulation of reserves of fat or muscle mass with a beautiful body? There are three main weight gain methods:

1. Eat high-calorie foods and "bad" carbohydrates. This will cause a sharp increase in blood glucose and, as an extreme result, hyperglycemia. These foods include white sugar, candy, white flour bread, alcohol, potatoes, corn, and white rice. Weight is gained due to body fat, but you will have to pay with your health.
2. A set of muscle mass after bodybuilding in the gym. This method is more difficult and not as fast. But the result is a beautiful body with good weight gain.
3. The fastest and most harmful way to gain weight is the use of chemicals - anabolics.

The choice of method is yours.

Gaining weight correctly

Is it possible to gain weight and not gain weight? It turns out you can. To do this, follow the following rules and recommendations:

• Get your diet in order. It is optimal to eat such a set daily - carbohydrate foods - 60-70%, protein foods - 15-20%, minerals, vitamins and fats in minimal quantities;
• Eating should be frequent. The main meals are three times a day with light snacks in between. For them, nuts, yogurts, dried fruits will go, you can sandwiches with peanut butter;
• With a quickly passing feeling of hunger, try to eat high-calorie foods. For example, replace grapes with more high-calorie raisins;
• Follow the diet. Eat meals according to the "hours". This will improve digestion and result in weight gain;
• Do not drink drinks or water before meals for at least 30 minutes. Leave room in the stomach for food, rather than filling it with liquid;
• Juices from various fruits in one glass contain more calories than in a single juice of a particular fruit;

• Eat "modest" amounts of fat from healthy sources. Fatty fish (mackerel, salmon, etc.), dried fruits, peanuts, avocados, olives;
• Try to make time for a short nap during the day. Night sleep should be at least 6 hours;
• Relax, think positive. The body will receive a “well-being” signal and begin to quietly accumulate a supply of fat and other nutrients for the future;
• Before going to bed, after eight in the evening, you can have a snack. The calories of a late snack at night will be saved and will go to the "fat depot";
• Try not to engage in active sports and intense training (swimming, running, cycling, aerobics). This leads to rapid calorie burning.

Weight gain for men

Nature arranged it so that men for the most part always have less body fat than women. This is at the genetic level. How to gain weight for a man? First of all, by building muscle mass. And this is achieved by power loads. With proper nutrition, calories will go to build up adipose tissue. So that they do not add fat, you should engage in loads on the muscles. An increase in muscle mass gives an increase in weight and an excellent toned body. In this case, a special place is occupied by diet. Yes, yes, diet. They are not only for the desire to lose weight. A special diet will allow you to properly gain body weight. Mass gain is impossible only due to one component - muscles. With large amounts of weight gain, there is an increase in the weight of muscle mass and fat. It is important to increase the proportion of muscle mass in the total weight gain, i.e. less fat.

What guy does not want to look sporty in front of the girls, and not be thin and frail, like the immortal Koschey. How to quickly gain weight for a guy? Bodybuilding classes will expand your shoulders, pump up your chest, back, and increase weight. Power types are undesirable. The body grows, do not force it, the load should be moderate. For a teenager, sports nutrition is not suitable, it's too much. There is a great recipe for how to gain weight in a week. You will need 1 liter whole milk and half a cup of dry milk. For taste, you can add Nesquik (children's dry breakfast). This cocktail is taken every day. The result will not be long in coming. In addition, gentle strength training will accelerate growth hormones.

Weight gain for the beautiful half of humanity

It is difficult to find a woman or a girl who is satisfied with her figure. Worries about excess weight or thinness, insufficient development of certain parts of the body, etc. With insufficient weight, how can a girl gain weight? It should be remembered that you can get better, but only the “correction” will be deposited in the form of fat and not in those places where the girl wants it. Classes with strength exercises will help to purposefully correct the problem areas of the figure and add weight. The problem areas for women are the thighs, buttocks and triceps (back of the arm). To solve these problems, you need to burn fat and build muscle.

Excessive thinness is an obstacle to the healthy motherhood of a woman. Weight gain will help solve this problem.

A healthy diet with high-calorie foods, a state of nervous calm, a work and rest regimen will serve as a guarantee of how to gain weight for a woman. It is only necessary to engage in physical training of the body so that body fat does not accumulate excessively, and the efforts spent give rise to muscle mass.

Gaining body weight at home

The situation when “I want to gain weight, but it doesn’t work out” is quite common. Gaining mass is just as difficult as losing weight for individuals. How to gain weight for a man at home? It all depends on how much weight you need to put on. If an increase of a few kilograms is required, then it is not so important where they go: into the muscles or the fat layer. When a significant increase is required, then you will have to make some efforts and carry out a set of measures. This should enter into the system and the habit of brushing your teeth in the morning. Having reached the desired weight, you only need to maintain it at the right level.

Milk gives a good weight gain. Drink it as much as you can. A few mugs of cocoa will not hurt either. With regards to milk, the minimum norm is 1 liter per day.

A visit to the gym for weight gain should not be started on an empty stomach. Be sure to have breakfast.

When doing strength exercises, do not allow the rapid consumption of calories. Do several repetitions, load different muscle groups every day.

You should not indiscriminately lean on food at home, eat everything in a row and in large quantities. You can increase the fat content of foods. Instead of sour cream 15% fat, eat 20%. Likewise with cottage cheese. Bananas, nuts, apricots, honey contribute to weight gain. Eat sweets within reason. Fried potatoes, oily fish, vitamins. Lead an active lifestyle. You should not sit in front of the TV and eat any obscene food in the form of chips and other fast food "delicacies". Meals are fractional and frequent, try to stick to the schedule. Regular eating contributes to weight gain. Healthy sleep of normal duration will accelerate weight gain.

How not to gain weight

Bad advice about gaining extra mass abounds. These include the following recommendations:

• move as little as possible;
• engage in eating cakes, flour products and sweets before bedtime;
• eat in large portions;
• take thoughtlessly chemicals (anabolics).

Rapid mass gain with such methods is possible, but stabilization problems are significant. Anabolics in general in the long term destroy human health, one might say, to the ground.

Weight gain should be approached comprehensively, with a positive attitude, and considerable efforts should be made.

Quite often, along with obesity, there is also such an opposite disease as excessive thinness. And it is peculiar not only to women, but also to men. The reasons for this state of affairs are varied. This is not only a state of health and various diseases, but also mental disorders, the root of which may be hidden in childhood. To correct this condition, when body weight approaches critically low, it is necessary to start weight gain.

Usually it is enough to formulate a special diet rich in nutrients.

But in especially severe cases, medical intervention, treatment in a hospital, the presence of a psychologist is required.

Determining the causes of thinness

The causes of thinness in men can be different, usually they are associated either with malnutrition and constant stress, or with diseases that require serious treatment. In medical practice, weight loss is usually considered a consequence of:

1. Malignant tumors, when there is a sharp weight loss. A person literally "dries up" in a matter of months.
2. Tuberculosis.
3. Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
4. Depression, nervous disorders, i.e. anorexia, etc.
5. Dementia.
6. Pathological processes of the respiratory system.
7. Wrong, unbalanced diet.
8. Diseases of the endocrine system.

When there is a sharp decrease in weight, it is recommended to undergo an examination in a hospital. The specialist will determine exactly what is the reason. This will allow you to determine the presence of the disease in a timely manner, if any, to begin treatment, which can sometimes save a life.

Among the reasons today, doctors pay special attention to the disruption of the thyroid and pancreas. In the first case, violations are caused by unfavorable ecology, poor nutrition. It all starts not only with a sharp weight loss, there is a strong heartbeat, increased metabolism, constantly wet hands. Failures in the functioning of the pancreas lead to the fact that the production of insulin is disrupted.

Other disorders of the body's vital functions are just as dangerous, for example, today there is an increased threshold for the incidence of tuberculosis among the well-off segments of the population. Outwardly, the early stages of the disease may not manifest themselves in any way, only a sharp decrease in weight, deterioration in appearance will be observed. But after a couple of months, a deterioration in the general state of health is possible, and urgent hospitalization will be required. Therefore, it is best to immediately protect yourself and undergo a general medical examination.

How to gain weight?

Excessive thinness is dangerous to health, some mistakenly believe that it is beautiful and healthy, but in reality only health problems appear. Many diseases arise as a result of a sharp weight loss - these are problems with the spine, its strong curvature. Subsequently, this leads to problems with internal organs, with the entire musculoskeletal system. Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract occur, appetite disappears, and the overall digestibility of food decreases.

Extreme thinness leads to the fact that the condition of the skin, hair, nails deteriorates, the body begins to age rapidly. That is why many experts recommend starting the process of weight gain, but it must be done under the strictest control. For men, this process is difficult. You can not immediately add too many calories to the diet, you need to do it gradually and carefully. Nutrition should be healthy, rich in proteins, various nutrients, vitamins, minerals and more.

For men, it is necessary to draw up a special menu, which necessarily includes three meals a day. You need to eat on time, at a strictly allotted hour, you can’t skip meals, even if you don’t feel like eating. Portions can be slightly reduced, eating through force is also harmful. In addition to the main meals, you need to have a snack, fruits, vegetables, light salads are great for this.

To recover to an acceptable level, you need to make a nutrition schedule. The diet should not contain low-calorie foods, it is best to include milk, cream, natural juices, legumes, potatoes, steamed rice. From juices it is preferable to take cranberry, banana. Dishes containing red meat, fish, tofu, chicken eggs, peanut butter, cheese are welcome. But in addition to eating the right foods, you need to pay special attention to a healthy lifestyle. For men, this is moderate exercise, which perfectly stimulates the appetite, more walks in the fresh air.

What foods to include in the diet?

1. Eggs. It is recommended to eat them boiled soft-boiled, but no more than 3 pieces per day.
2. Cottage cheese. It is best to use this product as an addition to eggs, chicken meat dishes.
3. Milk. It is best to take a product with a fat content of 1.5%, it is optimally suited for an adult body, contains everything you need for a balanced diet.
4. Rice. This product stands in a separate place, as it allows you to store energy for muscle mass. It is recommended to use it if a person is actively involved in sports. It is best to cook cereals with milk, which maximally meet all the needs of the body, while weight gain is correct, there is no excess mass.
5. Herring. It is herring that is one of the best anabolics in nature, it contains a large amount of protein, which leads to an increase in muscle mass and weight. That is why this product is not recommended for those who are losing weight.
6. Garlic. Some people think that garlic is not needed when gaining weight, but this is not so. The diet should be designed in such a way that this product is included in it in moderation, as it contributes to weight gain.
7. Coffee stimulates efficiency, is an excellent energy booster, especially in the morning. It is recommended to drink it with sugar, cream, so the weight loss will be replenished.
8. Sour cream, butter. The diet should include a small amount of butter and sour cream, which provide the body with essential nutrients. Any man should eat properly and balanced, and without these products it is simply impossible to provide the body with many substances.

The very diet to combat excessive thinness in men may look like this:

1. First breakfast: 60 g of creamy homemade meat, oatmeal soup, 40 g of rye bread, a cup of coffee, 90 g of jam.
2. Second breakfast: 20 g butter, 30 g bread, a cup of milk, 30 g fatty sausage.
3. Third breakfast: a cup of broth with pasta, 100 g of meat, 300 g of fried potatoes (can be replaced with mashed potatoes with milk), 200 g of vegetables.
4. Lunch: 200 g fried potatoes, vegetable salad, 50 g bread, 20 g butter, 30 g sausage.
5. Dinner: muesli, hot chocolate, nuts, bread with butter - any dish of your choice, but its amount should be moderate.

To cope with thinness in men, it is necessary to deal not only with nutrition, but also with the organization of a proper lifestyle. This concerns normalized physical activity, lack of stress, timely nutrition and the correct daily routine. Often thinness is the result of too much stress at work or at home, the lack of normal and proper rest, nutrition. All this can be done, you just need to make some effort. If thinness is too sharp, weight is not gaining, then it is better to consult a doctor for examination.

There are the following options for weight loss:

1. Thinness, characterized by a long-term, unchanged over the years weight loss - within 20-25% of normal weight.

2. Exhaustion (cachexia) - a pronounced growing thinness, accompanied by the development of irreversible dystrophic changes with weight loss reaching 40-45%.

3. Weight loss - a decrease in body weight by 5-20% over a certain period of time.

thinness

In healthy people, thinness can be a sign of a constitutional type or a consequence of living conditions, personality traits, and diet. With physiological thinness, a person does not lose mental and physical performance, he does not have a decrease in appetite, digestive disorders, the skin is normal, muscle tone is preserved, laboratory and instrumental studies indicate the absence of a pathological process. Thinness in healthy people can reach a significant degree and necessitate differential diagnosis. This happens especially often when a thin person notes a decrease in body weight over a certain period of time or suffers an acute inflammatory process with a prolonged recovery period.

Appearance with thinness is typical. A person does not have adipose tissue in the traditional places of its deposition: on the cheeks, neck, chest, front and side walls of the abdomen, hips, buttocks. The thickness of the subcutaneous tissue can be judged from the data of the examination of the body and the assessment of the skin fold formed during its capture and duplication. When walking, deepenings of the deltoid-thoracic triangle and supraclavicular fossae, emaciation of the trunk and limbs, and contours of the bones are clearly visible. According to the degree of stretching of the skin, its drooping, one can judge whether the patient had previously been overweight.

exhaustion

Wasting is an extreme form of weight loss, accompanied by the development of tissue dystrophy, general weakness, low turgor and lack of natural skin color, the appearance of trophic changes on it, lack of appetite, indigestion, in the late period - the appearance of swelling of the skin due to edema, especially on the face and lower limbs. Exhaustion is always preceded by thinness, which increases with time.

During the initial examination of a patient with exhaustion, the doctor, first of all, thinks about the presence of a malignant tumor, which is manifested by general syndromes (intoxication, fever, anemia, edema) and signs characteristic of dysfunction of individual organs and systems. In the presence of depletion, the tumor, as a rule, already has a significant size, metastasizes, and therefore is detected by clinical and physical examination methods. The diagnosis must be confirmed by the data of instrumental and histological studies.

Often, exhaustion accompanies tumor diseases of the hematopoietic tissue: acute and chronic leukemia, paraproteinemic hemoblastoses (myeloma, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, heavy chain disease), as well as non-leukemic hemoblastoses (lymphocytomas, lymphosarcomas), lymphogranulomatosis.

The loss of body weight usually increases with the transition of the advanced stage of the process to the terminal one and is associated with the appearance of multiclonal tumor blood cells. Cytostatic therapy, which leads to the development of cytostatic disease, plays a certain role in weight loss. This disease is characterized by a progressive decrease in body weight due to lack of appetite, the development of oral, intestinal syndromes, the appearance of a negative nitrogen balance.

Prolonged thinness with a transition to exhaustion is also a symptom of tuberculosis. As a rule, there are signs of damage to the respiratory system (shortness of breath, cough, sputum production, hemoptysis, thoracalgia) or other organs in which the tuberculous process can occur, in combination with intoxication. In senile and sometimes elderly people, the presence of exhaustion may indicate the development of a universal form of atherosclerosis. As a rule, there is a combination of atherosclerosis of the arteries of the brain, aorta, coronary, intestinal arteries, arteries of the lower extremities. The diagnosis is based more on the exclusion of the tumor process and tuberculosis than on the detection of atherosclerotic vascular lesions. Often, for differential diagnosis, it is necessary to use all available general clinical and instrumental methods for studying the digestive organs (esophagus, liver, pancreas, gallbladder), lungs, kidneys, bones, genital organs, etc.

Cachexia with the development of dystrophy of internal organs, especially the liver, lungs, is observed in patients with chronic circulatory failure of the III degree. Most often, exhaustion is observed in congenital heart defects and large vessels, rheumatism with damage to the heart valves, cardiomyopathy, coronary heart disease, and adhesive pericarditis.

Significant weight loss can occur in chronic renal failure. Alimentary dystrophy is combined with uremic lesions of the peripheral nerves (symmetric, sensory or sensory-motor polyneuropathy), muscle weakness and a tendency to spasmophilia, dyspeptic, anemic, edematous syndromes, arterial hypertension, as well as creatinemia, uricemia, hypocalcemia, phosphatemia, acidosis.

A peculiar kind of exhaustion is noted in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The hepato- and splenomegaly observed at the same time, ascites make the stomach large, the gait is “proud”, veins can be seen on the anterolateral walls of the abdomen. The skin has a yellow color due to the accumulation of bile pigments in it. On the chest, neck, back, telangiectasias can be found, on the surface of the palms - fibromatosis, which causes the development of contracture of the fingers (Dupuytren's contracture). The diagnosis is confirmed by blood test data indicating the presence of hepatocellular insufficiency, as well as cytolytic, icteric, cholemic, mesenchymal-inflammatory syndromes, which can be combined with anemia, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhagic syndrome.

The basis of exhaustion may be chronic diseases of the digestive canal, causing starvation, as a result of insufficient intake of nutrients. So, rapidly developing exhaustion was noted with narrowing of the gastric outlet, including non-tumor origin (exacerbation of the ulcerative process, post-ulcer cicatricial deformity, burns of the mucous membrane with acids or bases, etc.). The basis for this diagnosis is vomiting, which usually occurs immediately or within the next hour after eating, bringing a feeling of relief. In the vomit, you can find the remains of food eaten 5-6 hours ago and earlier. An objective examination after eating can observe the peristalsis of the stomach, reveal the prolapse of its lower edge. Dryness of the skin and mucous membranes of the oral cavity, a decrease in blood pressure, sodium and chlorine levels in the blood are determined. The diagnosis is confirmed by X-ray data and fibrogastroscopy.

Decreased appetite, insufficient absorption of nutrients, diarrhea are characteristic of chronic pancreatitis, especially forms that occur with exocrine insufficiency, as well as prolonged jaundice resulting from blockage of the common bile or hepatic duct, in which insufficient secretion of bile disrupts or completely stops the absorption of fat, as well as fat-soluble vitamins (retinol, calciferol, tocopherol, phylloquinone). Chronic inflammation of the small and large intestines also leads to exhaustion, accompanied by diarrhea, reduced absorption of all nutrients or certain types of them (partial starvation).

A particularly intensive decrease in body weight is observed with beriberi - deficiency of thiamine, pyridoxine, nicotinic and ascorbic acids.

In the clinical practice of a doctor, it is possible to observe cases of complete starvation (complete cessation of food intake) and incomplete starvation, when there is a limited intake of proteins, fats, carbohydrates into the body. Usually this situation is found out from the anamnesis. With complete starvation, a significant decrease in body weight is observed at the end of the 2nd and in the 3rd period of fasting.

For a starving person, an increasing general lethargy is characteristic. With an increase in acidosis (fat breakdown), the occurrence of headache, dizziness, and nausea is associated. Dryness and pallor of the skin, visible mucous membranes, white or gray coating on the tongue appear. Arterial pressure, pulse (bradycardia), body temperature (by 1-2 ° C) decrease, breathing becomes deep and rare. Blood tests reveal hypoglycemia and azotemia. The appearance of increased ("wolf") appetite, hallucinatory syndrome, mental disorders, loss of consciousness characterize the terminal period of fasting, which lasts 2-3 days (breakdown of proteins, vital organs).

A special type of starvation is protein-energy insufficiency, which occurs both with prolonged malnutrition and with impaired absorption of food. Protein depletion develops slowly and persists for a long time. The clinical picture includes weight loss, hypothermia, muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, decreased sexual function, constipation, later followed by diarrhea, hypoglycemia, hypoproteinemia, edema, ascites against the background of polyuria, hypotension, bradycardia, anemia. Susceptibility to infectious diseases increases: dysentery, tuberculosis. Alimentary exhaustion leads to the development of a coma, while the loss of body weight reaches 45-50%.

There are cases of exhaustion that are associated with the occurrence of mental disorders and are within the competence of a psychiatrist. Usually, primary (genuine) anorexia nervosa and secondary (symptomatic) are distinguished, often representing the first manifestation of schizophrenia, endogenous depression, hysteria, neurasthenia and other diseases.

Especially frequent are cases of primary anorexia nervosa in girls during puberty (“fear of fullness”). Patients refuse to eat, imitate eating in the family, guests, they do not have a critical attitude to sudden weight loss, often resort to artificial vomiting, taking laxatives with "excessive" food intake, are usually physically and mentally active; their sex drive is reduced. In advanced cases, protein-energy malnutrition develops.

In secondary anorexia nervosa, as a rule, appetite is reduced or absent. Sometimes abstinence from eating is associated with hallucinations, delusions, absurd fears. In the diagnosis, somatic diseases are excluded, differential diagnosis is carried out between primary and secondary anorexia nervosa.

A sharp emaciation in combination with general weakness, weakness, lack of appetite, drowsiness, apathy, hypofunction of the gonads with the reverse development of secondary sexual characteristics may be due to damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary region by an infectious process, trauma, hemorrhage, tumor. This condition is referred to as Simmonds disease (pituitary cachexia).

In some women, emaciation occurs in the postpartum period and does not reach the terminal stage. This disease (Sheehen's syndrome, or postpartum hypopituitarism) is associated with necrosis of the glandular tissue of the pituitary gland. As a rule, after a complicated birth, immediately or within a few weeks, there is a sharp weakness, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, hyperthermia, fainting, hypoglycemia, combined in the future with hypothyroidism, insufficiency of the adrenal cortex. In this disease, as in Simmonds' disease, the diagnosis is established on the basis of detection in the blood of a decrease in the level of hormones of the pituitary, adrenal, thyroid and sex glands, a decrease in the excretion of 17-KS and 17-OCS in the urine.

Weight loss, turning into exhaustion, may be due to long-term hyperfunction of the thyroid gland (diffuse toxic goiter, toxic adenoma, subacute and autoimmune thyroiditis). Hyperproduction of thyroid hormones stimulates heat generation, establishes a negative nitrogen balance, these symptoms are accompanied by dyspeptic symptoms, unstable stools, and sometimes vomiting. The diagnosis is established on the basis of the clinical picture. They note an increase in the thyroid gland (failure to detect it on palpation does not give grounds for removing the diagnosis), exophthalmos, tachycardia, irritability, sweating, muscle weakness, hyperthermia, tremor of the upper extremities. The diagnosis is confirmed by determining the content of thyroid hormones in the blood, by studying the absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid gland, and by radioisotope scanning.

In insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the decompensation phase, especially in young people, generalized atrophy of the subcutaneous tissue (lipoatrophic diabetes), muscle atrophy, mainly of the lower extremities, combined with a severe course of the disease with a tendency to ketoacidosis, insulin resistance can be observed.

A significant loss of body weight can be observed in patients with bilateral damage to the adrenal cortex, accompanied by insufficient production of hormones (Addison's disease). Exhaustion develops in severe, advanced cases and is caused not only by loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, but also by a profound violation of protein and carbohydrate metabolism, occurring against the background of a negative nitrogen balance and weakening
processes of neoglycogenesis.

weight loss

Weight loss usually occurs due to the predominance of energy return processes over its entry into the body. This occurs when there is insufficient energy value of the diet or an increase in the intensity of the work performed. To establish the causes of weight loss, the doctor must find out the presence of changes in the diet, physical and psychological stress.

With the development of the disease and the appearance of weight loss, a combination of symptoms is most often observed - a decrease in appetite, indigestion, and an increase in basal metabolism. As a rule, this combination is noted during the development of the inflammatory process in organs and tissues. Intoxication leads to a decrease in appetite, a violation of digestion and absorption in the digestive canal. Fever, increased activity of the sympathetic-adrenal system (stress) cause an increase in energy consumption necessary to maintain normal body functions.

Weight loss depends on the severity of the inflammatory process, its localization, the duration of the course, and the characteristics of the infection. Weight gain is a favorable sign indicating a positive outcome of the disease.
Weight loss is often one of the first signs of a tumor process. The trend is permanent. Supplementary nutrition for only a certain period of time can delay weight loss.

A number of mental illnesses (neurosis, psychosis, stress reactions), endocrine disorders (pituitary and adrenal insufficiency, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, etc.), beriberi (especially vitamin B deficiency), diseases of the digestive system that occur with functional insufficiency (for example, hypoacid gastritis, chronic pancreatitis, hepatitis, etc.), blood diseases, circulatory disorders, exogenous (poisons, toxins, drugs) and endogenous (azotemia, acidoketonemia, bilirubinemia, etc.) intoxications can occur with a decrease in body weight.

It should be noted that weight loss can be combined with an increase in appetite, as is the case with diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, and involutional psychoses.

Regional weight loss

In clinical practice, one can meet with a loss of mass of any part of the body, which can manifest itself as the disappearance of adipose tissue, as well as the development of atrophy of the skin, muscles, and in some cases, bone.

The loss of muscle and adipose tissue with their replacement by a scar is observed after severe burns, crush syndrome, rupture wound, surgical removal of a significant amount of soft tissue.

Regional emaciation is a characteristic sign of a neurodystrophic process that develops as a result of damage to the nerves that carry out tissue trophism. For example, such are the progressive hemiatrophy of the face, the syndrome of damage to the trigeminal, tibial, and median nerves. An important point in the loss of motor activity is the development of atrophy from inactivity.

The state of metabolic processes in tissues is affected by vascular trophism. Chronic arterial insufficiency of any zone or organ leads to the development of atrophy, sclerotic changes, and a decrease in body weight.

With uneven radiation damage to tissues that occurs during radiation therapy, its complication may be local post-radiation dystrophy. It is known the development of local lipodystrophy in places of repeated injections of insulin preparations, ethyl alcohol, heavy metal salts, serums.

Dysplastic deposition of fat with the development of thinness in the upper half of the body and its accumulation in the lower half in young women is characteristic of segmental progressive lipodystrophy (Barraquer-Simons disease). The appearance of amenorrhea, frigidity, signs of virilization was also noted.

Skin atrophy is inherent in Werner's syndrome, which develops with congenital pituitary insufficiency. This disease is characterized by short stature, a relatively large skull, a beak-shaped nose, a mask-like face, thin limbs, the development of early atherosclerosis, and cataracts. Hypogenitalism, sterility, dysfunction of the thyroid and parathyroid glands, and sometimes dementia are observed.

Excessive skin fold syndrome (flaccid skin syndrome), belonging to a group of hereditary connective tissue diseases, is characterized by thinning of the subcutaneous tissue and the widespread formation of excessive skin folds, especially in the lower jaw and around the eyes (“bulldog face”). Possible combination with emphysema.

Many do not know how to deal with excess weight: they constantly spend time in the gym, diet, and are very complex about this. And there is a category of people who, on the contrary, cannot gain weight, they feel uncomfortable no less than those who have extra kilos. Why is it hard to gain weight? What diseases lead to this? What to do?

The reasons

There are girls who eat anything, do not exercise at all, lead a sedentary lifestyle, but are underweight. There is nothing to rejoice and envy here, because the following factors lead to excessive thinness:

• A curved spine, which affects the work of the intestines, stomach, thyroid gland.
• Disturbed work of the intestines, stomach.
• Diabetes mellitus, oncological and endocrine pathologies.
• Depression, mental disorder.
• Various bad habits.
• Diseases of the bronchi, lungs.

Attention! Sudden weight loss is especially dangerous. It can indicate a serious and even incurable disease.

If the cause is not found, pay attention to these valuable recommendations:

• Give up all bad habits.
• It is worth choosing a cleaner, ecological place. Often the environment affects the state of health.
• Normalize your menu, eat right.
• Get your bowel working.
• Pay attention to the state of the nervous system: have a positive attitude towards life, avoid stress by all means.
• Walk as much as possible, you need to constantly work up your appetite (take vitamins that will help increase).

Did the doctor determine the cause? First, all of it needs to be eliminated, perhaps in the future problems with weight will be solved.

Drinks and foods for weight gain

You set a goal for yourself to gain weight. First of all, you need to properly organize your diet, you need to introduce products that will make it possible to get better. Your menu should include the following items:

• Chocolate paste, peanut butter.
• Pasta.
• Sauce, cheese.
• Olive oil, bread.
• Yogurt, guacamole.
• Figs, bananas, avocados, mangoes, dates.
• Dried fruits, dark chocolate, halva, nuts.
• Beef, bacon, bacon.
• Lobsters, sardines, salmon, tuna.
• Drink natural juice, compote, milkshake, smoothies.
• Ice cream.
• Pies, donuts, pastries, cheesecakes, pancakes.
• Berries - strawberries, blueberries.
• Fish, meat salad, stewed beans, eggs.
• Wheat germ, coconut milk.
• Cottage cheese.

Always remember the age, the diet can depend on it. Try to follow these rules:

• Eat protein and carbohydrate foods. Give preference to fish, white chicken meat, eggs.
• Constantly stimulate your appetite - take vitamins, take a walk, drink juices. Additionally, you can use tincture.
• Enter mustard, horseradish, parsnips into your menu.
• You need to eat as often as possible (up to 6 times a day), just watch the portions, they should not be large. Food will not have time to be digested, everything will end with violations of the intestines and stomach.
• Every day drink ryazhenka, kefir, eat cottage cheese (prefer rural products, not store-bought ones).
• When preparing a vegetable salad, be sure to season it with sour cream sauce, olive oil.
• Eat honey - it is not only sweet, high-calorie, but also quite a healthy product. Add it to muesli, breakfast cereals, cereals.
• Include nuts on the menu.
• Drink plenty of water.

If you want to normalize your weight, remember to eat a balanced diet. Try to have proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins in your menu. Of course, do not get carried away, otherwise the body will begin to experience stress, everything will end in serious diseases.

Lifestyle with excessive thinness

In addition to nutrition, try to adhere to these basic rules:

• Build muscle mass.
• Do not stay in one place, constantly move, you must be active.
• Include raw fruits and vegetables in your menu.
• Do not take antibiotics or other medicines.
• Your menu must include energy products: rye bread can be replaced with a bun; apple - grape juice; cucumber - .

If you combine the nutrition scheme with physical activity, everything will definitely work out. You can't just eat and do nothing else. In this case, the weight will not rise, but various diseases will appear.

Physical exercise

Do you dream not only to add a few centimeters at the waist, but to gain a sexy figure? Then you have to train the muscles. Just keep in mind that you do not need fat-burning exercises, give preference to strength training. It is best to contact a trainer who will draw up an individual program. Strength training + proper high-calorie nutrition is a success.

When training the legs, you need to pay attention to the back and inner thighs, be sure to take time for the buttocks. Do emphasis on the legs:

• On the simulator, bring and spread your legs.
• Spread your legs wide and squat.
• Squat usually.
• Lean forward.

Train your calves:

• Rise on your toes while sitting, standing.
• You need to rise on your toes, picking up the load.

It pumps muscles well - push-ups from the floor. Also work with dumbbells. You can replace them with plastic water bottles. Before training and after you need to drink sweet water.

So, if you are too thin, you can not hesitate, urgently go to the hospital. It is especially dangerous if you suffer from cancer and other pathologies. All of them can threaten your life. Many girls do not notice their thinness, continue to torment themselves with hunger, while they look ugly - pale, tight skin, no sexual roundness, bones are visible, while the face is elongated. People notice all these shortcomings, they think that a person is simply sick. Therefore, everything should have a measure. Excess weight does not benefit health, but thinness is no less harmful. So take care of your life. A healthy person does not know what a deficit or excess weight is!

Before starting the treatment of thinness, it is necessary to find out the cause of its occurrence. Some suffer from a lack of body weight due to serious illnesses that deplete the body, which include chronic diseases of the intestines, stomach, pancreas, kidneys, operations on the organs of the stomach and intestines, and helminthic invasion. Another part of people suffer from thinness as a result of diseases of the nervous system, which are often accompanied by a rapid loss of appetite, and sometimes even fear of food, a complete refusal to eat, vomiting and nausea at the sight or smell of food.

Strong thinness is sometimes associated with the constitutional features of the human body. In most cases, such people are practically healthy, feel normal, are physically active and able to work.

As you can see, there are a lot of reasons for thinness, so it is impossible to give a single recommendation for everyone on how to gain weight. Your best primary action will be an appeal to a doctor and, if necessary, an examination by a gastroenterologist, therapist, neuropathologist, endocrinologist.

The lack of body weight caused by the disease requires active and sometimes long-term treatment measures. If thinness does not occur from any disease, then motor activity and proper nutrition are recommended.

To gain weight, you need the most varied diet, consisting of a large set of products. It must necessarily include dairy, fish and meat products, as well as fruits, berries and vegetables, which are rich in cell membranes, pectin, trace elements, mineral salts and vitamins. The high content of essential oils and organic acids in vegetables, berries and fruits contributes to an increase in appetite. They are also able to stimulate the secretions of the digestive glands of the intestines and stomach, which ensures weight gain by improving the digestion and assimilation of incoming food.

Eat bread, pasta, buns, dumplings and pies, but do not try to make them main dishes. Often the cause of weight loss and excessive thinness is precisely the mono-diet, which is caused by a monotonous diet (often a childhood habit): tea with crackers, bagels, cookies, etc.

Mistake in weight gain. In an effort to gain weight, people often make one fatal mistake that prevents them from gaining weight: between meals they eat candy, then a bun. Such snacks discourage appetite and when a person sits down at the table, he cannot or does not want to eat a full lunch, dinner or breakfast. You need to take food by the hour (at the same time) 4-5r. per day, and to stimulate appetite, you should start eating with spicy and vegetable snacks.

For weight gain breakfast should be hot. It may include dishes from fish, meat with a side dish or porridge with milk from any cereal, scrambled eggs, any bread, buttered with cheese. You can drink all this with sweet tea with milk (1/3 part).

Lunch should include 1 glass of milk with a bun (can be with cookies), as well as fruit.

AT dinner eat a snack (vinaigrette or other salad) or 100g of juice (vegetable, fruit, berry). Also, this meal for weight gain should include soups (0.5 servings), hot vegetables or potatoes with a fish or meat dish, after which you need to drink 1 tablespoon of sweet jelly or compote for dessert.

AT 17:00 to get rid of thinness, it is recommended to drink 1 st rosehip and eat cookies or a bun.

On the dinner the menu should include noodles with cottage cheese or hot cereal casserole plus tea.

For the night be sure to drink fermented baked milk, kefir, yogurt or acidophilus. If desired, they can be replaced with fruits, sweet jelly, juice or compote.

Everyone who is of the opinion that the more you lie down, the faster you will get fat, are deeply mistaken. Spending a lot of time in a horizontal position, couch potatoes acquire only muscle flabbiness, chronic fatigue and a bad mood. Remember that in order to stimulate all organs (including the digestive glands) and increase appetite, an active motor mode is required. So, doing morning exercises, swimming, skiing, cycling or skating, a person perfectly builds and strengthens muscle mass.

There are a number of special exercises designed specifically for weight gain. Below is one of the complexes.

Read also: Ducan's diet.

A set of exercises for the treatment of thinness and weight gain.

You can go in for sports and these exercises at any time, but 3 hours must pass after eating. The load in the exercises below for weight gain is designed for healthy people. If there are any disorders in your health, then consult with specialists. Such consultation can be obtained in a medical and physical education dispensary.

For these exercises you will need:

1. gymnastic stick;
2. rubber bandage (you can expander shoulder or chest);
3. dumbbells 3-5kg.

Exercise pace for the legs of the shoulder girdle and pectoral muscles (exercises 1-7) should be medium, and for the abdominal muscles and waist (8-10) - fast. Breathe, performing exercises, you can arbitrarily. Rest between exercises - 1.5-2 minutes, but you can not sit down or lie down. Better calm your breath and heartbeat by simply walking.

Each exercise has its own numbers:

• 3x8- 3 sets of 8 reps
• 3x10- 3 sets of 10 reps
• 3x20- 3 sets of 20 reps
• 3x30- 3 sets of 30 reps

As warm-ups before the main exercises, you can dance for 3-5 minutes to the music and slowly stretch your muscles. This should happen until a pleasant warmth appears in the muscles.

Exercises for gaining weight and treating thinness:

Boys, and, if desired, girls, should add the following exercises to this complex for weight gain:

Read also: Diet Protasov.

Sleep, douche and nutrition are the key to increasing body weight and treating thinness.

Dream.
To increase body weight, experts recommend increasing the duration of sleep by one and a half to two hours. It is better to do this using the evening hours.

Pouring.
To speed up the process of weight gain, temper yourself daily by applying cold water dousing. Do this by gradually reducing the temperature of the water and increasing the duration of this procedure. When you feel that you can easily tolerate cold water, then start wiping yourself with ice.

Food.
For proper weight gain, eat according to the generally accepted regimen - at least 3 rubles a day and by the hour (at the same time). During the day, experiencing the slightest feeling of hunger for the treatment of thinness is not recommended. Be sure to include nuts, cheese, chocolate, yogurt, honey, eggs in your diet.

1 recipe for weight gain:
grate 1 apple, 1 carrot, then add 1 tablespoon of honey, 1-2 tablespoons of walnuts, 0.5 cups of lemon or grape juice. Mix everything well and eat between main meals.

2 recipe for weight gain:
Soak grains of wheat (corn or barley) in warm water. When the grains germinate, eat them by chewing well.

3 recipe for weight gain:
In 1 glass of warm milk or water, stir 1 tsp. a spoonful of fresh yeast. Then add sugar (to taste) there. Take the resulting drink 3 times a day with meals.

4 recipe for weight gain:
Take baby food daily. Mixtures like "Baby", "Baby", etc. are better suited for this. At reception it is necessary to increase a children's dose in 2 times.

5 recipe for weight gain:
This old recipe for cooking is perhaps one of the most effective means for gaining weight. People who use it usually gain weight almost before their eyes. Take lard (300 gr.) And 6 green large apples (unpeeled!). Cut everything into small pieces, then mix and heat for a short time over low heat. Don't let the mixture burn with constant stirring. After that, take 12 egg yolks and rub them thoroughly with 1 cup of sugar and 300g of chopped chocolate. When done, strain the apple and lard mixture through a sieve and then fold it into the chocolate egg mixture. After cooling, you can begin to take the resulting mixture. It is recommended to do this by spreading it on bread and drinking warm milk.

Interesting on YouTube: