Soviet posters about the dangers of drunkenness. Masterpieces of the Soviet poster: how anti-alcohol campaigns were held in the USSR

In Russia, September 11th is the Day of Sobriety. And no matter what jokes sound on this holiday, nevertheless, it is aimed at drawing attention to the problems with alcohol in the country, preventing early alcoholism and thinking about your own health.

Happy sobriety day 2017: congratulations, pictures and cards, video congratulations

And if you are ready for it, then in this article on the site you will find a wonderful selection of congratulations, postcards and even video congratulations on this holiday.

***
Sobriety day marks the country
And I want to wish you all friends,
Good health to always be
Fun, fervent laughter, warmth,
So that the holiday passes without a drop of wine,
There will be no headache in the morning.

***
Drinking on a holiday is a thing!
Whiskey, vodka or wine.
Just don't do one
Don't get drunk!

We are celebrating the Day of Sobriety,
Don't forget about that now.
I wish you well
Strength, energy reserve!

***
Let's celebrate the holiday of sobriety
Compote, juice, lemonade.
Being sober in our everyday life
Sometimes, oh, how very necessary!

Live happily and cheerfully
Be sure to love your loved ones
Good to outweigh the troubles
And blossomed throughout the universe!

***
I congratulate you on the All-Russian Day of Sobriety and I want to wish you to always take a sober look at any situation in life, get drunk not from alcohol, but from happiness, get drunk from love and tenderness of feelings, be able to have fun in a good company of friends without strong drinks.

***
Today is the All-Russian Day of Sobriety, on which I would like to wish you long and healthy years of life, a pure mind and good luck in business. I wish you to soberly assess any situation in life and always make only the right decision. Let sobriety serve as the strength to accomplish great things and make dreams come true.

“The counterintelligence agencies acted productively and offensively last year. Thanks to successful special operations, the activities of 129 personnel officers and 465 agents of foreign special services were suppressed,” the Russian President said.

The medalist of the 2016 Olympic Games Darya Shmeleva today won the gold of the World Championship in cycling in Poland on the track in the 500 m round. This is her second medal at this tournament.

In the final, Shmeleva won with a score of 33.012 seconds. Silver was won by Ukrainian Elena Starikova (33.307). The bronze medal in this discipline was won by the Australian Caarle McCulloch (33.419).

The World Track Cycling Championship takes place in Pruszkow, Poland and will end on Sunday. So far, the Russian national team has one medal of each value.

Russians Semyon Pavlichenko, Victoria Demchenko, as well as the crew of sledge-twos consisting of Alexander Denisiev and Vladislav Antonov took first place in the relay at the World Cup in Sochi.

The Russians showed the result of 2 minutes 45.272 seconds. The second place was taken by the German lugers (+0.072 seconds), the third place was taken by the representatives of Latvia (+0.127).

The German national team took first place in the World Cup relay standings with 525 points. The Russian team came second with 455 points. The third place went to the Latvian lugers (410).

The relay completed the competitive program of the final stage of the World Cup. Russian lugers failed to win only in one start - in the women's single sleigh competition. In total, the Russian team won six gold, three silver and two bronze medals at the home stage.

Russian luger Semyon Pavlichenko won the competition at the World Cup in Sochi.

In the sum of two attempts, Pavlichenko showed the result of 1 minute 43.867 seconds. Second place went to another Russian, Roman Repilov (+0.434). The third was the Italian athlete Dominik Fischnaller (+0.460).

Russian Maxim Aravin took fourth place (+0.574), Alexander Stepichev - fifth (+0.592), Alexander Gorbatsevich - 24th (+5.086).

Pavlichenko won the second World Cup in a row and the third of the season. The 27-year-old luger led the overall World Cup standings (688 points), followed by Repilov (633), and Germany's Johannes Ludwig (630) was third, finishing 12th in Sochi.

The final stage of the season in the Luge World Cup will end on Sunday, when the sprints for women, men and sledge-deuces will take place, as well as the relay race.

Russian Pavel Kulizhnikov won gold at the World Speed ​​Skating Championship in sprint all-around, which ended in Heerenveen.

Kulizhnikov won the world championship in sprint all-around for the third time in his career (2015, 2016, 2019).

Russian lugers Alexander Denisiev and Vladislav Antonov won the sprint at the ninth stage of the World Cup in Sochi in the competition among two-seater crews.

They won with a time of 31.450 seconds, 0.011 seconds ahead of their closest competitors, Latvian lugers Andris Shitss and Juris Shitss. Rounding out the top three are the reigning world champions from Germany - Sascha Benekken and Tony Eggert (+0.074).

Another duet from Russia - Vsevolod Kashkin and Konstantin Korshunov - took fourth place (+0.080).

In the overall standings in the first place - Eggert and Benecken (1050 points), the second - the Austrians Thomas Stoy and Lorenz Koller, the third - lugers from Germany Tobias Wendl and Tobias Arlt. Denisiev and Antonov are 13th overall.

The final stage of the season in the Luge World Cup will end on Sunday.

Russian luger Victoria Demchenko won the sprint at the World Cup in Sochi.

The athlete covered the distance in 31.505 seconds. The second and third places were taken by the Germans Dayana Eitberger with a backlog of 0.104 seconds and Natalie Geisenberg (+0.137).

Russian Ekaterina Baturina took tenth place, and Tatyana Ivanova - 11th.

The World Ski Championships are also taking place in Austria. Russian skier Alexander Bolshunov took second place in the skiathlon, and Natalya Nepryaeva - third.

Russian biathlete Ekaterina Yurlova-Perkht became the winner of the women's pursuit race at the European Championships in Belarus.

The Russian woman, who on the eve became the silver medalist in the sprint, passed the distance with four firing lines with one miss. The owner of the track, Irina Krivko, finished second.

Germany's Nadine Horchler proved to be stronger in the battle for the bronze medal, ahead of Austria's Dunya Zduch in the final spurt.

Europe championship. Raubichi (Belarus)

Women. Pursuit. 10 km

12). Ekaterina Yurlova-Perht (Russia) - 27.43.4 (1 miss)

2 (11). Irina Krivko (Belarus) - +37.5 (1)

3 (15). Nadine Horchler (Germany) - +49.4 (1)

On January 4, 2019, the third Superjet 100 of Severstal Airlines flew from the GSS delivery center in Zhukovsky to the base airport of Cherepovets Airlines. The aircraft with registration number RA-89119 and serial number 95154 is the second SSJ-100 delivered by GSS this year. In total, 6 such aircraft should arrive in Cherepovets.

At the NPO named after Lavochkin, in parallel with the third serial satellite of the Elektro-L type, which is now being finalized (the launch is scheduled for autumn 2019), work has begun on the creation of two more heavy weather satellites of the same type (No. 4 and No. 5). The 1,800-kilogram spacecraft are being built on the Russian Navigator platform with domestic equipment.

The working orbit of "Electro-L" is geostationary (about 36,000 km from the Earth). The satellite has dimensions of 5.5 x 2.5 m and carries complex equipment on board: the GGAK-E heliogeophysical instrumentation complex, a complex for multispectral Earth imaging in the visible and infrared ranges with a resolution of 1 km and 4 km, respectively (periodicity of 10-30 minutes), equipment for receiving and relaying data from autonomous meteorological platforms and signals from emergency buoys of the global COSPAS-SARSAT system.

The Elektro-L spacecraft is designed for an operating time of at least 10 years. Russian companies ISS named after Academician Reshetnev, JSC Saturn, NPO Saturn, NPO Fakel, NPC Polyus, Russian Space Systems, Izhevsk Radio Plant and others are involved in the assembly of its components. The launch of the 4th and 5th satellites is scheduled for 2021 and 2022.

For quite a long time, Moroz Ivanovich and the New Year tree existed separately. Their unification took place in the second half of the 19th century, when the first attempts to create an original “Christmas grandfather” were noted in the urban environment of Russia, who would give gifts to Russian children, like Nikolai Ugodnik from their Western peers. Under Alexander II, "old Ruprecht" (obviously of German origin, 1861), Saint Nicholas or "grandfather Nicholas" (1870) are mentioned - isolated attempts that did not take root. However, popular beliefs about St. Nicolae later had a certain influence on the creation of the image of Santa Claus. In 1886, Morozko was celebrated for the first time, and by the beginning of the 20th century, the familiar image of Santa Claus was already taking shape. Then, from the illustrated translations of Valery Carrick, the tale of Morozko becomes familiar to English-speaking readers. In the translation, Morozko acts under the name "King Frost" (eng. King Frost).

In Russia, an effective dust suppression agent has been developed for use against dusting of metallurgical and coal slags in steppe and desert conditions. This problem is presented, for example, in Kazakhstan, whose enterprises have become a test site for new technology.

According to scientists from the Engineering Chemical Technology Center (IHTC, Tomsk), who provide the process of testing and implementing the solution at the enterprises of the Eurasian Resource Group in a neighboring state, the reagent created in Russia showed the highest results in tests in real conditions, where participation of 7 competing solutions at once.
The Russian development is a concentrate that is diluted with water, the dusty ground or fields are poured with a ready-made solution. After a few hours, the reagent sticks together dust particles, which form a strong and elastic film. The coating can last on the surface from several months to a year, depending on the treatment mode.

... this image is already recognizable: “good Moroz Ivanovich” - a “gray-haired-gray-haired” old man who “when he shakes his head, frost falls from his hair”; he lives in an ice house, and sleeps on a featherbed made of fluffy snow. For good work, he gives the needlewoman a “handful of silver patches”, however, he does not freeze Sloth (like Morozko the old woman’s daughter in a fairy tale), but only teaches her a lesson, giving her an icicle instead of silver ... In Odoevsky’s pedagogical tale, ritual Frost and fabulous Morozko are turned into kind, but fair educator and mentor.

Researchers from the Novosibirsk State Technical University (NSTU) and the Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKhTTM SB RAS) have ensured that their new development, while retaining up to 90% of all useful substances contained in rowan fruits, has good taste and low price . The choice of mountain ash as a feedstock in Western Siberia is obvious - it grows quite a lot here. The fruits of the plant are a valuable multivitamin raw material: they contain a lot of vitamin C, carotene, ascorbic acid, antioxidants, antibacterial substances and numerous trace elements. The use of the developed supplement in food supports the immune system and allows you to get rid of oxidative radicals that cause strokes, heart attacks, cancer and other diseases. To get away from the traditional bitterness of mountain ash, encapsulation was used (placement of a bitter substance in a shell that eliminates its impact on the environment): small particles of mountain ash powder were placed in a plant-based polysaccharide.

The additive received as a result has already interested local manufacturers of products. By adding a certain amount of such a powder, for example, to a curd product, the taste was not changed, but its useful properties were seriously increased.

We add that this is not the only development in Russia, which is a harmless dietary supplement. This is not the first year that our country has been producing an interesting preparation, hyporamine, based on sea buckthorn leaf extract, which is a completely natural immunomodulator and is certified in accordance with all the rules as a drug.

Image formation

Pre-revolutionary Christmas card with Saint Nicholas
Santa Claus enters the literary tradition in 1840 - with the publication of the collection of fairy tales "Tales of Grandfather Iriney" by V. F. Odoevsky. The collection included the fairy tale "Moroz Ivanovich", which for the first time gave a literary interpretation of the image of the folklore and ritual Frost, who previously acted only as a pagan master of cold and winter cold.

The image created by Odoevsky is not yet too similar to the familiar New Year's character. The calendar timing of the tale is not Christmas or New Year, but spring. Therefore, Moroz Ivanovich lives in an icy country, the entrance to which opens through a well. And not Moroz Ivanovich comes to the children, but the children come to him. He does not make any gifts by any date, although he can generously reward him for a job well done. However, as the researcher writes:

Representatives of the domestic telecom operator Megafon announced an officially recorded data transfer speed record in the Russian 4th generation network (4G, LTE). The result was achieved using one of the flagship smartphones of the South Korean company Samsung.

According to the mobile operator's specialists, the maximum download speed they managed to get is 1.059 Gbps. The data was loaded from the MegaFon server. "This was made possible by the aggregation of three 20MHz carriers, 4x4 MIMO, 256QAM modulation and software," the report says. This speed allows (with the technical capability of the mobile device) to watch an online broadcast (stream) in resolution up to 4K (4096

Slavic mythology
For more on this topic, see Frost (mythology).

"Santa Claus", V. M. Vasnetsov, 1885.
Frost as a natural element has long been personified by the Eastern Slavs. He appeared to them in the form of a short old man with a long gray beard, who runs through the fields and causes bitter frosts with a knock. The image of Frost is reflected in Russian proverbs, sayings, fairy tales. For example, in fairy tales, Frost appears as a magical assistant, acting under the nicknames "Student", "Cracker", or as a donor with the correct behavior of a fairy-tale hero (see Morozko). A snowy frosty winter, in the view of a Slavic farmer, was associated with a future good harvest. This was judged by the presence of Christmas or Epiphany frosts. Therefore, on Christmastide and Maundy Thursday, it was customary to perform the rite of the “clique

The new Russian industrial robot "Arkodim" is able to calibrate itself. Each millimeter passed provides real-time information to calibrate the passage of the next millimeter. At the same time, the robot can simultaneously work in the technological process, where it is required to move several different objects of different weights with high accuracy. Tests have shown that the prototype robot confidently holds a tenth of a millimeter in all three directions.

The manipulator feels external influences and upon contact with a person, he instantly understands this and selects the desired scenario of behavior, ranging from a simple stop to complex scenarios. This can be obstacle avoidance or compliance mode, in which a person can freely move the robot. The control scheme of the new robot and the algorithms for interacting with the external environment are the main differences between the Russian manipulator and its world analogues. According to the developers, well-known analogs use expensive torque sensors.

Arkodim, a technical company, and Innopolis University (Kazan) reported on the successful testing of the first industrial (collaborative) robot with dual encoders.

The robot is driven by servomotors, the torque of which is transmitted to the executive link through gearboxes. The servo motor shaft has a built-in internal encoder that tells the robot controller the position of the shaft. Theoretically, knowing the position of the shaft, the controller "understands" the position of the robot itself. But theory is often very different from practice.
One encoder, like in similar developments, stands on the motor shaft, but the second one is installed on the body of the robot link itself and calculates errors associated not only with backlash in the gearboxes, but also with deformations of the robot body itself due to the force applied to it when moving certain objects.

Santa Claus is depicted as an old man in a colored - blue, blue, red or white coat, with a long white beard and a staff in his hand, in felt boots. He rides on three horses. He often comes accompanied by the granddaughter of the Snow Maiden, and in the days of the USSR, it happened, and the New Year - a boy in a red coat and hat (one of these items of clothing often had a digital designation of the coming / coming year). The New Year boy acted as a kind of successor to Santa Claus; most often he was depicted on New Year's cards of the late 1950s - mid-1980s, and in one of the cartoons he even supposedly is the grandson of Santa Claus and flies on an airplane, after which the popularity of this character began to fall and by now he is almost forgotten. Also, Santa Claus is sometimes accompanied by various forest animals.

Content
1 History of occurrence
1.1 Research
1.2 Slavic mythology
1.3 Image formation
2 Santa Claus and Orthodoxy
3 In Russia
4 In Belarus
5 In Ukraine
6 In Soviet and Russian cinema
7 Image Gallery
8 See also
9 Notes
10 Literature
History of occurrence
Research
In her study, S. B. Adonyeva points out that the canonical image of Father Frost with his granddaughter Snegurochka as obligatory characters of the New Year holiday was formed already in the Soviet era and dates back to the end of the 1930s, when after several years of the ban, the Christmas tree was again allowed. E. V. Dushechkina, in principle agreeing with this opinion, points to more ancient sources for the formation of the image. She discusses this issue in more detail in a separate book.

Many sources have recently been circulating information about successful tests of the latest Russian system of electronic jamming of artificial Earth satellites - with the complete disablement of the electronic equipment of the spacecraft from a mobile (!) Ground complex.

"Tirada-2.3" - this is the name of the new system is a new type of electronic warfare complex. The project originates from the advanced developments of Soviet scientists in the late 1980s. Its purposeful development began in 2001, with interruptions due to problems with related enterprises and interest from the customer, by 2018 the creators of Tirada-2 managed to reach the given characteristics, which are still considered fantastic in all the armies of the world. The project is indeed now at the final stage of development, and along with five more complexes of new weapons, it was noted by Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Yuri Borisov as unique and a priority. Also, information about great progress in the creation of the complex is also available from the Federal State Budgetary Institution "46 Central Research Institute" of the Russian Ministry of Defense. There is documentary confirmation of the fact of work - in the reports of developers from the Elektropribor plant (Vladimir city).

We add that so far neither the appearance of the new complex has been shown, nor its specific characteristics have been reported. This is due to the secrecy regime at the current stage of Triad-2.3 testing.

Interestingly, in 2016, the Russian media reported on the creation of another satellite suppression system - the “Electronic Warfare Complex to Counter Satellite Systems in Low Circular Orbits” (KRBSS). It was created by the Moscow Scientific Research Institute of Radio Engineering (MNIRTI) with the participation of specialists from the microelectronics design center NIIMA Progress. Then it was already reported that the system successfully over a large area neutralizes the work of low-orbit satellite communication systems, such as Iridium, GlobalStar and OneWeb ...

The entire history of the Soviet country was accompanied by a continuous and unsuccessful struggle with the green serpent

During the Christmas holidays of 1909-10, the first All-Russian congress on the fight against drunkenness was held in pre-revolutionary Russia. It opened on January 10, 1910 (according to the new style) in St. Petersburg, in the Nobility Assembly, where several hundred people were present. With the main vice, which the Russian soul cannot resist, they began to fight back in tsarist Russia - and continued in Soviet. In the USSR, anti-alcohol campaigns took on a new dimension. To promote a sober lifestyle attracted Alexandra Rodchenko, Victor Denis, Dmitry Moor and other famous poster artists.

How much vodka in buckets

The first anti-alcohol campaign started in the young Land of Soviets shortly after the revolution - in 1917. In pre-revolutionary Russia, they drank heartily - statistics were calculated not in liters, but in buckets. According to the data for 1913, 104 million buckets of vodka were consumed in the empire (or 0.66 buckets per capita, in the cities they consumed three times more forty degrees) and 94 million buckets of beer (about half a bucket per capita). But they hardly drank wine - it accounted for only 25 million buckets

One of the first orders of the new government was an order to ban the production of various alcoholic beverages, which is valid "until further notice." They tried to instill in the population a different culture of drinking - non-alcoholic. The new government actively popularized tea, the military and many workers were even supplied with it for free. But illegal production of alcohol and moonshine flourished.

We are ours, we will build a new world

They lifted the ban, which all segments of the population tried to do with all their might - and quite successfully - only in the summer of 1923. But the alcoholic freemen and the famous beer houses of the Nepman era did not last long. Already in 1929, the screws were seriously tightened, and numerous pubs and other eateries, which, like mushrooms after rain, grew up in the years of Nampan abundance, were converted into canteens and tea houses. Everything was done, of course, "at the request of the working people."

In 1928, the first issue of the anti-alcohol journal Sobriety and Culture was published, which became the main printed organ in the fight against alcoholism and was published in this form until 1932. “The fight against alcoholism is the fight for culture,” the editorial said. “We need to build the Dnieper, and not spend hundreds of millions of rubles on drink,” they reminded readers.

Also in the first issue it was reported that "vodka and other intoxicants" lead back to capitalism, and not forward, to a bright communist future. Statistics were also cited - if during the years of the first anti-alcohol campaign, the official consumption of vodka, one might say, came to naught, amounting to less than a million buckets, then by 1927-28. it grew to 41 million. Citizens poured less beer into themselves - about 30 million buckets.

Drunkenness - fight

declared himself the new savior of the country Nikita Sergeevich. Having dealt with thieves in law, prostitutes and other anti-social and immoral elements, Khrushchev seriously undertook both unrestrained drunkards and quiet alcoholics. All alcohol, including beer, was removed from factory buffets, and shops selling alcohol were urgently expelled from industrial zones. Drinkers were summoned to party committees and comrades' courts, which their wives began to successfully use: after a complaint about work there, they were required to take action. And they accepted: they were deprived of bonuses, expelled from the party, they could even be fired.

In the late 1960s, medical and labor dispensaries began to be created, and in 1967 the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a decree "On the compulsory treatment and labor re-education of malicious drunkards." The most unyielding could be sent to the LTP for two years, and they were a little better than the convicts - those who escaped from the dispensary were waiting for the corresponding article of the Criminal Code.

The next round of the struggle, which the authorities lost for decades, but still hoped to win one day, started in 1972, it was then that the famous slogan "Drunkenness - fight!" Was born. Prices for alcohol soared, vodka with a strength of more than 50 degrees disappeared from the shelves, strong alcohol was allowed to trade only from 11 to 19 hours. At the same time, as part of the ideological struggle, scenes with the use of alcohol began to be actively cut out of films - this tradition was successfully continued in the next, Gorbachev's anti-alcohol campaign.

The store is closed until 2…

In the 1984 popularly beloved film Love and Doves, there were enough scenes with alcohol - many of them did not pass the censors. The famous "Irony of Fate" was also in disgrace, what can we say about the short film Leonid Gaidai with the telling name "Moonshiners"?

In May 1985, while the whole country was resting, and most of it was drinking, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers adopted resolutions on the widespread strengthening of the fight against drunkenness and alcoholism and the eradication of home brewing. And both tendencies by that time had acquired catastrophic proportions. There is evidence that in the early 80s, the male population of the USSR drank almost three times more bottles of vodka than in pre-revolutionary times, while forty degrees was no more than a third of the total amount of alcohol - there were still moonshine, wine, beer, various denatured alcohol and alcohol tinctures.

Thanks to the efforts of the "mineral general secretary" and "Lemonade Joe", as they were nicknamed by the people Gorbachev, official sales of alcohol decreased markedly. War was declared not only on strong drinks, but also on wine, vineyards were massively cut down. “The store is closed until two, the key is with Gorbachev,” people began to joke after they were allowed to sell alcohol only from lunch. But neither the next price hikes, nor the closure of stores and the limitation of the time for the sale of alcohol, nor the raids of vigilantes in parks and squares, nor other similar events could wean the country from drinking. LTPs were full. In folk art, "hello" to the deceased Leonid Ilyich: "Pass Brezhnev Let's keep drinking."

While some were celebrating non-alcoholic weddings and creating exemplary "sobriety zones", others were making moonshine, trying to make homemade wine or standing in lines for colognes. “Cry, Marusya, I’ll get drunk on cologne,” the ditty went. Especially refined "drinks" in certain circles were considered German alcohol lotions to strengthen hair: the Germans always had high-quality alcohol.

The largest and last anti-alcohol campaign in Soviet history lasted about two years. Already in 1987, against the backdrop of mass discontent and the economic crisis that gripped the country, they began to curtail it. And in the 90s, the country began to drink even in larger quantities than before the start of the state fight against drunkenness. As Gorbachev later lamented, because of the mistakes made, a good deed "ended ingloriously."