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Transverse spinous muscle. Exploring our body: the spinous muscles of the back and their importance for the body

Covered by a muscle that straightens the spine. Fills the depression between the spinous and transverse processes of the vertebrae. All muscle bundles of this muscle are transferred from the transverse processes of the underlying vertebrae to the spinous processes of the overlying ones.

Start: The transverse processes of the vertebrae

Attachment: Spinous processes of overlying vertebrae

Function: The muscle is an extensor of the spinal column in the corresponding sections (with bilateral contraction), with a unilateral contraction, it tilts the corresponding section of the spine; rotates it in the direction opposite to the place of contraction.

Interspinous and intertransverse

The interspinous muscles are short paired muscle bundles that stretch between the spinous processes of two adjacent vertebrae and are located along the entire spinal column, with the exception of the sacrum.

Intertransverse muscles - short muscles that are stretched between the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae.

Start: Interspinous - Spinous processes of the vertebrae

Intertransverse muscles - Transverse processes of the vertebrae

Attachment: Interspinous - Spinous processes of overlying vertebrae

Intertransverse - Transverse processes of the overlying vertebrae

Function: Interspinous - Unbend the spinal column and hold it in an upright position.

Intertransverse - Hold the spinal column. With a one-sided contraction, tilt it to the side.

Straight belly

a pair of flat long ribbon-shaped muscle, wide at the top and narrowed at the bottom, is located on the side of the midline. Both rectus muscles are separated from each other by the white line of the abdomen. The fibers of the rectus muscle are interrupted by 3-4 tendon bridges

Start: Cartilages of V-VII ribs, xiphoid process of sternum

Attachment: Pubic crest, pubic symphysis

Function: Pulls the ribs down (lowers the chest down), flexes the spine. With a fixed chest, raises the pelvis

Date added: 2014-12-11 | Views: 1120 | Copyright infringement

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The back muscles are considered the most developed muscles in our body. The muscles of the back consist of deep and superficial. They themselves consist of numerous fibers intertwined with each other.

The whole structure responds well to a sufficiently high load. In addition, the back muscles are paired, which is why the back is a very strong part of the body. And with the right set of training, they can be developed even by a person who is not a gifted athlete.

In this article, you can learn more about the anatomy of the spinal muscles. About their varieties, structure. About the functions performed by each muscle group. And also a little about what ailments the back can be vulnerable to.

Back zones

The structure of human muscles In accordance with a certain arrangement of muscle fibers, five main areas of the back are distinguished, it is the superficial muscles that determine their contours. The back surface of the body is divided into:

Department of the spine.
Blade section.
Subscapular zone.
Lumbar area.
Cross section.

Since all the muscles of the back have a multilayer structure, two types of fibers are distinguished:

located on the surface;
lying in deep layers.

Superficial back muscles

Attachment of this type of muscle fibers occurs to the shoulders. So, let's consider in more detail each muscle of the human body.

trapezius muscle

The trapezius muscle is flat, triangular in shape, with a wide base facing the posterior median line, occupies the upper and rear regions of the neck. It starts with short tendon bundles from the external occipital protrusion, the medial third of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone, from the nuchal ligament, spinous processes of the 7th cervical vertebra and all thoracic vertebrae, and from the supraspinous ligament.

From the places where the muscle bundles begin, they are directed, noticeably converging, in the lateral direction and are attached to the bones of the shoulder girdle. The upper muscle bundles run down and laterally, ending on the posterior surface of the outer third of the clavicle.

The middle bundles are oriented horizontally, pass from the spinous processes of the vertebrae outwards and are attached to the acromion and scapular spine.

The lower bundles of muscle follow upward and laterally, pass into the tendon plate, which is attached to the scapular spine. The tendon origin of the trapezius muscle is more pronounced at the level of the lower border of the neck, where the muscle has the greatest width. At the level of the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra, the muscles of both sides form a well-defined tendon platform, which is found as an impression in a living person.

The trapezius muscle is located superficially throughout its entire length, its upper lateral edge forms the back side of the lateral triangle of the neck. The lower lateral edge of the trapezius muscle crosses the latissimus dorsi muscle and the medial edge of the scapula from the outside, forming the medial border of the so-called auscultatory triangle.

The lower border of the latter runs along the upper edge of the latissimus dorsi muscle, and the lateral one - along the lower edge of the rhomboid muscle (the size of the triangle increases with the arm bent forward at the shoulder joint, when the scapula is displaced laterally and anteriorly).

Function: simultaneous contraction of all parts of the trapezius muscle with a fixed spine brings the scapula closer to the spine; upper bundles of muscle raise the scapula; the upper and lower bundles, with simultaneous contraction, forming a pair of forces, rotate the scapula around the sagittal axis: the lower angle of the scapula moves forward and in the lateral direction, and the lateral angle moves upward and medially.

With a strengthened shoulder blade and contraction on both sides, the muscle unbends the cervical spine and tilts the head back; with unilateral contraction, it slightly turns the face in the opposite direction.

Latissimus dorsi muscle

The latissimus dorsi muscle is flat, triangular in shape, occupies the lower half of the back on the corresponding side. The muscle lies superficially, with the exception of the upper edge, which is hidden under the lower part of the trapezius muscle.

Below, the lateral edge of the latissimus dorsi muscle forms the medial side of the lumbar triangle (the lateral side of this triangle is formed by the edge of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen, the lower one is the iliac crest.

It begins with an aponeurosis from the spinous processes of the lower six thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae (together with the superficial plate of the lumbothoracic fascia), from the iliac crest and the median sacral crest.

The muscle bundles follow upward and laterally, converging towards the lower border of the axillary fossa.

At the top, muscle bundles are attached to the muscle, which start from the lower three to four ribs (they go between the teeth of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen) and from the lower angle of the scapula. Covering with its lower bundles the lower angle of the scapula from behind, the latissimus dorsi muscle sharply narrows, spiraling around the large round muscle.

At the posterior edge of the axillary fossa, it passes into a flat thick tendon, which is attached to the crest of the small tubercle of the humerus. Near the point of attachment, the muscle covers behind the vessels and nerves located in the axillary fossa. It is separated from the large round muscle by the synovial bag.

Function: brings the arm to the body and turns it inward (pronation), unbends the shoulder; lowers the raised hand; if the arms are fixed (on the crossbar - horizontal bar), pulls the torso to them (when climbing, swimming).

Muscle that lifts the scapula

The muscle that lifts the scapula begins with tendon bundles from the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the upper three or four cervical vertebrae (between the attachment points of the middle scalene muscle - in front and the belt muscle of the neck - behind).

Heading down, the muscle attaches to the medial edge of the scapula, between its upper angle and the spine of the scapula. In its upper third, the muscle is covered by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and in the lower third by the trapezius muscle.

Directly anterior to the levator scapula muscle, the nerve to the rhomboid muscle and the deep branch of the transverse artery of the neck pass.

Function: raises the scapula, at the same time bringing it closer to the spine; with a strengthened scapula, it tilts the cervical part of the spine in its direction.

Minor and major rhomboid muscles

The small and large rhomboid muscles often grow together and form one muscle. The small rhomboid muscle starts from the lower part of the nuchal ligament, the spinous processes of the 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae and from the supraspinous ligament. Its bundles pass obliquely - from top to bottom and laterally and are attached to the medial edge of the scapula, above the level of the spine of the scapula.

The large rhomboid muscle originates from the spinous processes of 2-5 thoracic vertebrae; attached to the medial edge of the scapula - from the level of the spine of the scapula to its lower angle.

The rhomboid muscles, located deeper than the trapezius muscle, themselves cover the back of the superior serratus posterior muscle and partly the muscle that straightens the spine.

Function: brings the scapula closer to the spine, while simultaneously moving it upward.

upper and lower rear serrated

Two thin flat muscles are attached to the ribs - the upper and lower serratus posterior. The serratus superior posterior muscle is located in front of the rhomboid muscles, begins in the form of a flat tendon plate from the lower part of the nuchal ligament and the spinous processes of 6-7 cervical and 1-2 thoracic vertebrae.

Going obliquely from top to bottom and laterally, it is attached with separate teeth to the back surface of 2-5 ribs, outward from their corners.

Deep back muscles

The deep back muscles form three layers: superficial, medium and deep.

The superficial layer is represented by the belt muscle of the head, the belt muscle of the neck and the muscle that straightens the spine;
The middle layer is the transverse spinous muscle;
The deep layer is formed by the interspinous, intertransverse and suboccipital muscles.

The greatest development is achieved by the muscles of the surface layer, which belong to the type of strong muscles that perform predominantly static work. They extend all over the back and back of the neck from the sacrum to the occipital bone.

The places of origin and attachment of these muscles occupy vast surfaces and therefore, during contraction, the muscles develop great strength, holding the spine in an upright position, which serves as a support for the head, ribs, viscera and upper limbs.

The muscles of the middle layer are oriented obliquely, spread from the transverse processes to the spinous processes of the vertebrae.

They form several layers, and in the deepest layer, the muscle bundles are the shortest and are attached to adjacent vertebrae; the more superficially the muscle bundles lie, the longer they are and the greater the number of vertebrae they are thrown over (from 5 to 6).

In the deepest (third) layer, short muscles are located between the spinous and transverse processes of the vertebrae. They are not present at all levels of the spine, they are well developed in the most mobile parts of the spinal column: cervical, lumbar and lower thoracic.

This - deep - layer should include the muscles located in the back of the neck and acting on the atlanto-occipital joint. They are called the suboccipital muscles.

The deep muscles of the back become visible after the superficial muscles, the latissimus dorsi and trapezius muscles, are cut in layers and cut in the middle between the points of their origin and attachment.

Belt muscle of the head

The belt muscle of the head is located directly in front of the upper parts of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. It starts from the lower half of the ligament (below the level of the IV cervical vertebra), from the spinous processes of the 7th cervical and upper three to four thoracic vertebrae.

The bundles of this muscle pass upward and laterally and are attached to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and the rough area under the lateral segment of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone. With bilateral contraction, the muscles unbend the cervical spine and head; with unilateral contraction, the muscle turns its head in its direction.

Belt muscle of the neck

The belt muscle of the neck starts from the spinous processes of 3-4 thoracic vertebrae. It is attached to the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the two or three upper cervical vertebrae, covering the beginning of the bundles of the muscle that lifts the scapula from behind. It is located in front of the trapezius muscle.

With simultaneous contraction, the muscles unbend the cervical part of the spine, with a unilateral contraction, the muscle turns the cervical part of the spine in its direction.

Muscle that straightens the spine

This is the strongest of the autochthonous muscles of the back, extending along the entire length of the spine - from the sacrum to the base of the skull. Lies anterior to the trapezius, rhomboid, serratus posterior, latissimus dorsi muscles.

Behind it is covered with a superficial sheet of the lumbar-thoracic fascia. It begins with thick and strong tendon bundles from the dorsal surface of the sacrum, spinous processes, supraspinous ligaments, lumbar, 12th and 11th thoracic vertebrae, posterior segment of the iliac crest and lumbar-thoracic fascia.

Part of the tendon bundles, starting in the sacrum, merges with the bundles of the sacrotuberous and dorsal sacroiliac ligaments.

At the level of the upper lumbar vertebrae, the muscle is divided into three tracts: lateral, intermediate and medial. Each tract gets its own name: the lateral one becomes the iliocostal muscle, the intermediate one becomes the spinous muscle. Each of these muscles, in turn, is divided into parts.

Structural features of the muscle that straightens the spine have developed in the course of anthropogenesis in connection with upright posture. The fact that the muscle is strongly developed and has a common origin on the pelvic bones, and above is divided into separate tracts, attached widely on the vertebrae, ribs and on the base of the skull, can be explained by the fact that it performs the most important function - it holds the body in an upright position.

At the same time, the division of the muscle into separate tracts, the division of the latter at different levels of the dorsal side of the body into shorter muscles that have a shorter length between the points of origin and attachment, allows the muscle to act selectively.

So, for example, when the iliocostal muscle of the lower back is contracted, the corresponding ribs are pulled downward and thereby a support is created for the manifestation of the force of the action of the diaphragm during its contraction, etc.

iliocostalis muscle

The iliocostal muscle is the most lateral part of the erector spinae muscle. It starts from the iliac crest, the inner surface of the superficial plate of the lumbothoracic fascia. Passes upward along the posterior surface of the ribs laterally from the corners of the latter to the transverse processes of the lower (12-4) cervical vertebrae.

According to the location of individual parts of the muscle in different areas, it is divided into the iliocostal muscle of the lower back, the iliocostal muscle of the chest and the iliocostal muscle of the neck.

The iliocostal muscle of the lower back starts from the iliac crest, the inner surface of the superficial plate of the lumbothoracic fascia, is attached by separate flat tendons to the corners of the lower six ribs.

The iliocostal muscle of the chest starts from the six lower ribs, medially from the places of attachment of the iliocostal muscle of the lower back. It is attached to the upper six ribs in the corners and to the posterior surface of the transverse process of the 12th cervical vertebra.

The iliocostal muscle of the neck starts from the corners, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th ribs (inward from the attachment points of the iliocostal muscle of the chest). Attached to the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of 6-4 cervical vertebrae.

Together with the rest of the erector spinae muscle, it extends the spine; with unilateral contraction, it tilts the spine to its side, lowers the ribs. The lower bundles of this muscle, pulling and strengthening the ribs, create support for the diaphragm.

longissimus muscle

The longissimus muscle is the largest of the three muscles that make up the erector spinae muscle. It is located medially to the iliocostal muscle, between it and the spinous muscle. It contains the longest muscles of the chest, neck and head. The longissimus pectoralis muscle is the longest.

The muscle originates from the posterior surface of the sacrum, the transverse processes of the lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae. It is attached to the back surface of the lower nine ribs, between their tubercles and corners, and to the tops of the transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae (muscle bundles).

The longest muscle of the neck begins with long tendons from the tops of the transverse processes of the upper five thoracic vertebrae. It is attached to the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of 6-2 cervical vertebrae. The longissimus muscle of the head begins with tendon bundles from the transverse processes of 1-3 thoracic and 3-7 cervical vertebrae.

It is attached to the posterior surface of the mastoid process of the temporal bone under the tendons of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the splenius muscle of the head. The longest muscles of the chest and neck extend the spine and tilt it to the side; the longest muscle of the head unbends the latter, turns the face in its direction.

spinous muscle

The spinalis muscle is the most medial of the three parts of the erector spinae muscle. Adjacent directly to the spinous processes of the thoracic and cervical vertebrae. In it, respectively, the spinous muscle of the chest, the spinous muscle of the neck and the spinous muscle of the head are distinguished.

The spinous muscle of the chest begins with 3-4 tendons from the spinous processes of the 2nd and 1st lumbar, 12th and 11th thoracic vertebrae. It is attached to the spinous processes of the upper eight thoracic vertebrae.

The muscle is fused with the underlying semispinalis muscle of the chest. The spinous muscle of the neck starts from the spinous processes of the 1st and 2nd thoracic 7th cervical vertebrae and the lower segment of the nuchal ligament. Attached to the spinous process 2 (sometimes 3 and 4) of the cervical vertebra.

The spinous muscle of the head begins in thin bundles from the spinous processes of the upper thoracic and lower cervical vertebrae, rises up and attaches to the occipital bone near the external occipital protrusion. Often this muscle is absent. The spinalis muscle extends the spine.

The function of the entire muscle that straightens the spine quite accurately reflects its name. Since the component parts of the muscle originate on the vertebrae, it can act as an extensor of the spine and head, being an antagonist of the anterior muscles of the trunk.

Contracting in separate parts on both sides, this muscle can lower the ribs, unbend the spine, and tilt the head back. With unilateral contraction, it tilts the spine in the same direction.

The muscle also shows great strength when bending the torso, when it performs yielding work and prevents the body from falling forward under the action of ventrally located muscles, which have a greater leverage on the spinal column than dorsally located muscles.

Transverse spinous muscle

This muscle is represented by many layered muscle bundles that run obliquely upward from the lateral to the medial side from the transverse to the spinous processes of the vertebrae.

The muscle bundles of the transverse spinous muscle are of unequal length and, spreading through a different number of vertebrae, form separate muscles: semispinous, multifid and rotator muscles.

At the same time, according to the area occupied throughout the spinal column, each of these muscles, in turn, is subdivided into separate muscles, named after the location on the dorsal side of the body of the neck and occipital region.

In this sequence, individual parts of the transverse spinous muscle are considered. The semispinous muscle has the form of long muscle bundles, starts from the transverse processes of the underlying vertebrae, spreads over four to six vertebrae and attaches to the spinous processes. It is divided into semispinalis muscles of the chest, neck and head.

The semispinalis muscle of the chest starts from the transverse processes of the lower six thoracic vertebrae; attached to the spinous processes of the four upper thoracic and two lower cervical vertebrae.

The semispinous muscle of the neck originates from the transverse processes of the six upper thoracic vertebrae and the articular processes of the four lower cervical vertebrae; attached to the spinous processes of 5-2 cervical vertebrae.

The semispinous muscle of the head is wide, thick, starts from the transverse processes of the six upper thoracic and articular processes of the four lower cervical vertebrae (outward from the long muscles of the head and neck); attached to the occipital bone between the upper and lower nuchal lines.

The muscle behind is covered by the belt and longest muscles of the head; deeper and anterior to it lies the semispinalis muscle of the neck. The semispinalis muscles of the chest and neck unbend the thoracic and cervical sections of the spinal column; with unilateral contraction, these departments are rotated in the opposite direction.

The semispinous muscle of the head throws the head back, turning (with one-sided contraction) the face in the opposite direction. The multifidus muscles are muscle-tendon bundles that start from the transverse processes of the underlying vertebrae and attach to the spinous processes of the overlying ones.

These muscles, spreading over two to four vertebrae, occupy grooves on the sides of the spinous processes of the vertebrae along the entire length of the spinal column, starting from the sacrum to the 2nd cervical vertebrae. They lie directly in front of the semispinalis and longissimus muscles. The multifidus muscles rotate the spinal column around its longitudinal axis, are involved in extension and tilting it to the side.

Muscles - rotators of the neck, chest and lower back

Muscles - rotators of the neck, chest and lower back make up the deepest layer of the muscles of the back, occupying the groove between the spinous and transverse processes.

The rotator muscles are better expressed within the thoracic spine. According to the length of the bundles, the rotator muscles are divided into long and short.

The long rotator muscles start from the transverse processes and attach to the bases of the spinous processes of the overlying vertebrae, spreading over one vertebra. Short rotator muscles are located between adjacent vertebrae.

Muscles - rotators rotate the spinal column around its longitudinal axis. The interspinous muscles of the neck, chest and lower back connect the spinous processes of the vertebrae with each other, starting from the 2nd cervical and below.

They are better developed in the cervical and lumbar sections of the spinal column, which are characterized by the greatest mobility. In the thoracic part of the spine, these muscles are weakly expressed (may be absent).

Interspinous muscles

The interspinous muscles are involved in the extension of the corresponding sections of the spine. The transverse muscles of the lower back, chest and neck are represented by short bundles that are thrown between the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae.

Better expressed at the level of the lumbar and cervical spine. The transverse muscles of the lower back are divided into lateral and medial. In the neck area, the anterior (thrown between the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes) and the posterior transverse muscles of the neck are distinguished. The latter have a medial part and a lateral part.

Myositis of the back muscles - a possible disease of the back muscles

Myositis is an inflammation of the muscles in the neck, chest, thigh, or back. The disease affects one or more muscles at the same time. Myositis causes pain and leads to the formation of nodules in the muscles.

Without proper treatment, the disease becomes chronic. Myositis is an inflammation of the muscles in the neck, chest, thigh, or back. The disease affects one or more muscles at the same time. Myositis causes pain and leads to the formation of nodules in the muscles. Without proper treatment, the disease becomes chronic.

What is myositis

Myositis is an inflammatory process in skeletal muscles. The most common myositis of the muscles of the back, shoulders and neck. If the disease affects not only the muscles, but also the skin, the doctor diagnoses dermatomyositis.

Depending on the number of affected muscles, local myositis and polymyositis are distinguished. One muscle group suffers from local myositis. Polymyositis affects several muscle groups.

Myositis has two stages: acute and chronic. Acute myositis occurs abruptly, after injuries or heavy physical exertion. Without treatment or with improper treatment, myositis becomes chronic and regularly worries a person: muscles hurt with hypothermia, weather changes, prolonged exercise.

Causes of myositis

The disease occurs due to overstrain or muscle injury, severe muscle cramps, hypothermia, increased training. Inflammation of the back muscles develops due to infectious diseases: influenza, SARS, chronic tonsillitis, tonsillitis, rheumatism.

Among other causes of myositis: metabolic disorders, gout, diabetes mellitus, lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, scoliosis, osteochondrosis.

Myositis affects people who work in a certain position and strain the same muscle group: pianists, violinists, drivers, programmers.

Types of myositis of the spinal muscles

cervical myositis. The most common type of disease. It occurs due to a cold, overexertion of the neck muscles or a long stay in an uncomfortable position. The pain is felt on one side of the neck, the person cannot freely turn his head.
Myositis of the back muscles. The pain is localized in the lower back, so the disease is often confused with lumbago. With myositis, the pain is not so sharp, aching. It does not pass at rest, increases with movement and palpation of the lumbar muscles. Inflammation of the back muscles often occurs during pregnancy due to increased stress on the lower back.
Infectious non-purulent myositis. It occurs due to enterovirus diseases, influenza, syphilis, tuberculosis and brucellosis. Accompanied by severe muscle pain and general weakness.
Acute purulent myositis. The disease often becomes a complication of a chronic purulent process - for example, osteomyelitis. The patient feels pain in the muscles, they swell, the temperature may rise, chills appear.
Ossifying myositis. It affects the muscles of the shoulders, hips and buttocks. It develops after injuries, but it can also be congenital. In case of illness, calcium salts are deposited in the connective tissue. Muscles thicken and atrophy, they hurt slightly.
Dermatomyositis. It often occurs in young women after stress, colds and hypothermia. Red or purple rashes appear on the arms, face, back and chest. The person feels weak, he has chills, the temperature rises. Calcium salts accumulate under the skin, muscles shorten.
Polymyositis. The most severe form of myositis. The disease affects several muscles. It is accompanied by pain and weakness in the muscles. At first it is difficult for the patient to climb stairs, then from a chair.

Myositis symptoms

pain in the neck radiates to the shoulders, forehead, back of the head, ears;
aching pain in the chest, back, lower back, calf muscles;
pain is aggravated by movement or palpation of muscles, in the cold;
pains do not go away after rest, muscles hurt even at rest, when the weather changes;
muscles swell, become dense, tense, nodules are felt in them;
a person cannot turn his head, unbend, bend over;
the skin over the painful place becomes hot, edema appears;
due to pain, muscle weakness may develop, rarely muscle atrophy.

What is dangerous myositis

Due to myositis, muscle weakness develops. It is difficult for a person to climb stairs, get out of bed, get dressed. With the progression of the disease, a person hardly raises his head from the pillow in the morning, holds it vertically.

The inflammatory process can capture new muscles. Cervical myositis is a serious danger: it affects the muscles of the larynx, pharynx and esophagus.

In severe cases, it is difficult for a person to swallow, coughing fits appear, muscles atrophy. Due to inflammation of the respiratory muscles, shortness of breath appears.

If you do not start treating myositis in time, the muscles will atrophy, muscle weakness can persist for life.

Diagnostics

Myositis is easily confused with other diseases. Symptoms of myositis of the lower back and cervical myositis can be mistaken for an exacerbation of osteochondrosis. In addition, aching pain in the lumbar region can be a sign of kidney disease. To accurately determine the cause of pain, contact a specialist.

The doctor of the Health Workshop clinic in St. Petersburg will conduct a comprehensive examination and make an accurate diagnosis. He will conduct a survey and examine the painful area. you will help the doctor if you specify the nature of the pain, remember under what circumstances it appeared. Our doctors use the following diagnostic methods:

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging);
Ultrasound (ultrasound examination);
ECG (electrocardiogram);
Laboratory research.

Myositis treatment

Conservative treatment relieves muscle pain and heals the body. In acute myositis and exacerbation of chronic myositis, it is better for a person to stay at home and avoid physical activity.

The doctor individually prescribes a course of treatment for the patient. The doctor selects procedures depending on the type and form of myositis, the age and characteristics of the patient's body. The course includes from 5 different procedures, the patient undergoes them 2-3 times a week. Treatment of inflammation of the back muscles lasts from 3 to 6 weeks. Muscle pain will go away after the first week of treatment.

The course is made up of the following procedures:

Resonance wave UHF therapy;
Acupuncture
Fermatron injections
Rehabilitation on the simulator
Blockade of the joints and spine, etc.

The specialist penetrates deeply into the dense muscle. This is good for cervical myositis. Conservative methods relieve tension and restore the work of damaged muscles, normalize blood pressure, strengthen the immune system and improve the patient's well-being.

Transverse spinous muscle, m. transversospinal, covered by m. erector spinae and fills the depression between the spinous and transverse processes along the entire spinal column. Relatively short muscle bundles have an oblique direction, are transferred from the transverse processes of the underlying vertebrae to the spinous processes of the overlying ones. According to the length of the muscle bundles, i.e., according to the number of vertebrae through which the muscle bundles are thrown, three parts are distinguished in the transverse spinous muscle: a) the semispinous muscle, the bundles of which are thrown through 5-6 vertebrae or more; it is located more superficially; b) multifidus muscles, the bundles of which are thrown through 2-4 vertebrae; they are covered by a semispinous muscle; c) rotator muscles, the bundles of which occupy the deepest position and are attached to the spinous process of the overlying vertebra or are transferred to the next overlying vertebra.

A) Semispinalis muscle, m. semispinalis, topographically divided into the following parts:

semispinous muscle of the chest, m. semispinalis thoracis, located between the transverse processes of the six lower and spinous processes of the seven upper thoracic vertebrae; at the same time, each bundle is thrown through five to seven vertebrae;

semispinous muscle of the neck, m. semispinalis cervici, lies between the transverse processes of the upper thoracic and spinous processes of the six lower cervical vertebrae. Her bundles are thrown through two to five vertebrae;

semispinous muscle of the head, m. semispinalis capitis, lies between the transverse processes of the five upper thoracic vertebrae and 3-4 lower cervical vertebrae on one side and the nuchal platform of the occipital bone on the other. In this muscle, the lateral and medial parts are distinguished; the medial part in the muscular abdomen is interrupted by a tendon bridge.

Function: with the contraction of all bundles, the muscle unbends the upper sections of the spinal column and pulls the head backwards or holds it in a tilted position; with unilateral contraction, slight rotation occurs.

Innervation: rr. dorsales nn. spinales (CII-CV; ThI-ThXII).

b) Multifid muscles, mm. multifidi, are covered with semi-spinous, and in the lumbar region - with the lumbar part of the longest muscle. Muscle bundles are located throughout the spinal column between the transverse and spinous processes of the vertebrae (up to the II cervical), throwing through 2, 3 or 4 vertebrae.

Muscle bundles start from the posterior surface of the sacrum, the posterior segment of the iliac crest, the mastoid processes of the lumbar, transverse processes of the thoracic and articular processes of the four lower cervical vertebrae; end on the spinous processes of all vertebrae except the atlas.

Innervation: rr. dorsales nn. spinales (CII-SI).

c) Rotator muscles, mm. rotatores, are the deepest part of the transverse spinous muscles and are topographically divided into rotators of the neck. mm. rotatores cervicis, rotators of the chest, mm. rotatores thoracis, and lumbar rotators, mm. rotatores lumborum.

They originate from the transverse processes of all vertebrae except the atlas and from the mastoid processes of the lumbar vertebrae. Throwing over one vertebra, they are attached to the spinous processes of the overlying vertebrae, to the adjacent segments of their arcs and to the base of the arcs of neighboring vertebrae.

Function: the transverse spinous muscle, with a bilateral contraction, unbends the spinal column, and with a unilateral contraction, it rotates it in the direction opposite to the contracting muscle.

Innervation: nn. spinales (CII-LV).

- a muscle formed by striated muscle tissue from which the human skeletal muscles are built. Skeletal muscles are attached to the bones of the skeleton and carry out the movements of the bones ...
medical terms
- m. transversospinal, covered by m. erector spinae and fills the depression between the spinous and transverse processes along the entire spinal column...
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Synonym dictionary

"Transverse spinous muscle" in books

Muscle of inspiration

From the book Playing in the Void. Mythology of diversity author Demchog Vadim Viktorovich

Muscle of inspiration People who have the so-called charisma (from the Greek charisma - “gift”, “gift”), capable of creating something extraordinary, are distinguished by a high level of energy. It is also known that their brain consumes more energy than the brain of ordinary people. it

3. PUNOCOPHIC MUSCLE AND "QI MUSCLE"

From the book Improving Female Sexual Energy by Chia Mantak

3. PCOS AND "QI MUSCLE" Around the periphery of the vagina, at a depth of about one finger joint, you can feel the edge of the PC muscle, sometimes called the "love muscle" (Fig. 2-5). pubococcygeus muscle. you for sure

Myth: The penis is not a muscle.

From the book Penis Enlargement Exercises author Kemmer Aaron

Myth: The penis is not a muscle Fact: The penis is about 50% smooth muscle. "There is no penis strengthening exercise because the penis is not a muscle," writes Rachel Swift in her book Satisfaction Guarantee. Although this statement is accepted by the majority

THE MOST LONG-LIVING TREE - PINE

From the book 100 Great Wildlife Records author Nepomniachtchi Nikolai Nikolaevich

THE MOST LONG-LIVING TREE IS THE AWNED PINE The Latin name for the pine is pinus, which means rock. Pine amazes people with its ability to grow on bare rocks, or maybe because they considered it as hard as a rock. However, it is unreasonable - pine is a soft

How long does it take for a muscle to die?

From the book Oddities of Our Body - 2 by Juan Steven

How long does it take for a muscle to die? (Asked by Sam Gardner, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) Distinguish between somatic and cellular death. First comes the first. Somatic death is the death of the whole organism. At the same time, human life can be maintained only with the help of medical

Deltoid

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (DE) of the author TSB

Calf muscle

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (IK) of the author TSB

gracilis, e - thin (muscle, bundle)

From the author's book

gracilis, e - thin (muscle, bundle) Approximate pronunciation: gracilis.Z: A model is walking, swaying, Sighing on the go: “Here the podium ends, Now I will fall!” Or: “On THIN stilettos with GRACE I no longer

musculus anconeus - elbow muscle

From the author's book

musculus anconeus - ulnar muscle Approximate pronunciation: ankOneus.Z: In the village there lived a strong man, A boulder played like a ball, He walked with a tank on the water, And drove a plow without a horse. And so I wandered into the tankodrome, Find out where the clang and thunder came from. The tankers decided to play a trick and the tank on the lad

musculus gastrocnemius - gastrocnemius muscle

From the author's book

musculus gastrocnemius - gastrocnemius muscle Approximate pronunciation: gastrocnemius.Z: There is a picket at the Gastronomer. I will pull up to HIM with a poster. "Give me caviar!" and in another way: “Give us GASTROKNEMIUS!!!” A picket at a grocery store about the lack of caviar is a clear indicator of a high level

The muscle of love

From the book Improving Male Sexual Energy by Chia Mantak

The Muscle of Love Below the surface of the visible genital organs, the pubococcygeal muscle, or “muscle of love,” is located in the form of a figure eight. The PC muscle surrounds the urethra, vagina, and anus. Some sexologists think it's good

Your brain is a muscle

From the book Myths about the age of a woman author Blair Pamela D.

Your brain is a muscle “Women who believe in themselves are stimulated by their years. We are the repository of the experience and wisdom of our time.” * * *The commonly held notion that the brain fades with age is absolutely wrong. Scientists have concluded that new brain cells can

33. Muscle of inspiration

From the book The Self-Releasing Game author Demchog Vadim Viktorovich

33. Muscle of inspiration charisma (from the Greek charisma - “gift”, “gift”), capable of creating something extraordinary, are distinguished by a high level of energy. It is also known that their brain consumes more energy than the brain of ordinary people. It's easy

30:20-26 Pharaoh's broken arm

From the book New Bible Commentary Part 2 (Old Testament) author Carson Donald

30:20-26 Pharaoh's broken arm By the time of the prophecy (April 587), the people of Jerusalem had been under siege by the Babylonian armies for a year. This prophecy suggests that any hope of getting rid of the Babylonians with the help of a new

How the air muscle works

From the book Create a do-it-yourself android robot author Lovin John

How the Air Muscle Works The air muscle is a long tube shaped like a black plastic sleeve. Inside the sleeve is placed a tube of soft rubber. Metal clips are attached to each end. Each end of the plastic sleeve is rolled into

A) Semispinalis muscle, m. semispinalis, topographically divided into the following parts:

Innervation: rr. dorsales nn. spinales (CII-CV; ThI-ThXII).

Innervation: rr. dorsales nn. spinales (CII-SI).

Function: the transverse spinous muscle, with a bilateral contraction, extends the spinal column, and with a unilateral contraction, it rotates it in the direction opposite to the contracting muscle.

Innervation: nn. spinales (CII-LV).

This muscle is represented by many layered muscle bundles that run obliquely upward from the lateral to the medial side from the transverse to the spinous processes of the vertebrae. The muscle bundles of the transverse spinous muscle are of unequal length and, spreading through a different number of vertebrae, form separate muscles: semispinous, multifid and rotator muscles. At the same time, according to the area occupied throughout the spinal column, each of these muscles, in turn, is subdivided into separate muscles, named after the location on the dorsal side of the body of the neck and occipital region. In this sequence, individual parts of the transverse spinous muscle are considered. The semispinous muscle has the appearance of long muscle bundles, starts from the transverse processes of the underlying vertebrae, spreads over four to six vertebrae and attaches to the spinous processes. It is divided into semispinalis muscles of the chest, neck and head.

Semispinalis muscle of the chest starts from the transverse processes of the lower six thoracic vertebrae; attached to the spinous processes of the four upper thoracic and two lower cervical vertebrae.

Semispinalis muscle of the neck originates from the transverse processes of the six upper thoracic vertebrae and the articular processes of the four lower cervical vertebrae; attached to the spinous processes of 5-2 cervical vertebrae. The semispinous muscle of the head is wide, thick, starts from the transverse processes of the six upper thoracic and articular processes of the four lower cervical vertebrae (outward from the long muscles of the head and neck); attached to the occipital bone between the upper and lower nuchal lines. The muscle behind is covered by the belt and longest muscles of the head; deeper and anterior to it lies the semispinalis muscle of the neck. The semispinalis muscles of the chest and neck unbend the thoracic and cervical sections of the spinal column; with unilateral contraction, these departments are rotated in the opposite direction. The semispinous muscle of the head throws the head back, turning (with one-sided contraction) the face in the opposite direction. The multifidus muscles are muscle-tendon bundles that start from the transverse processes of the underlying vertebrae and attach to the spinous processes of the overlying ones. These muscles, spreading through two to four vertebrae, occupy grooves on the sides of the spinous processes of the vertebrae along the entire length of the spinal column, starting from the sacrum to the 2nd cervical vertebrae. They lie directly in front of the semispinalis and longissimus muscles. The multifidus muscles rotate the spinal column around its longitudinal axis, are involved in extension and tilting it to the side.

The muscles - rotators of the neck, chest and lower back make up the deepest layer of the muscles of the back, occupying the groove between the spinous and transverse processes. The rotator muscles are better expressed within the thoracic spine. According to the length of the bundles, the rotator muscles are divided into long and short. The long rotator muscles start from the transverse processes and attach to the bases of the spinous processes of the overlying vertebrae, spreading over one vertebra. Short rotator muscles are located between adjacent vertebrae.

Muscles - rotators rotate the spinal column around its longitudinal axis. The interspinous muscles of the neck, chest and lower back connect the spinous processes of the vertebrae with each other, starting from the 2nd cervical and below. They are better developed in the cervical and lumbar sections of the spinal column, which are characterized by the greatest mobility. In the thoracic part of the spine, these muscles are weakly expressed (may be absent).

Interspinous muscles participate in the extension of the corresponding parts of the spine. The transverse muscles of the lower back, chest and neck are represented by short bundles that are thrown between the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae. Better expressed at the level of the lumbar and cervical spine. The transverse muscles of the lower back are divided into lateral and medial. In the neck area, the anterior (thrown between the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes) and the posterior transverse muscles of the neck are distinguished. The latter have a medial part and a lateral part.

48. Muscles of the chest (chest). The muscles of the chest are divided into muscles that start on the surface of the chest and go from it to the belt of the upper limb and to the free upper limb, and into the own (autochthonous) muscles of the chest, which are part of the walls of the chest cavity. In addition, we will describe here the thoracic obstruction (diaphragma), which limits the chest cavity from below and separates it from the abdominal cavity. The diaphragm in its origin belongs to the neck, therefore its innervation mainly comes from the cervical plexus (n. phrenicus). I. Muscles of the chest, related to the upper limb. 1. M. pectoralis major, the pectoralis major, starts from the medial half of the clavicle (pars clavicularis), from the anterior surface of the sternum and cartilage of the II-VII ribs (pars stemocostalis) and, finally, from the anterior wall of the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle (pars abdominalis) ; attached to the crista tuberculi majoris of the humerus. The lateral edge of the muscle is adjacent to the edge of the deltoid muscle of the shoulder, separated from it by a groove, sulcus, deltoideopectoralis, which expands upward under the clavicle, causing here a small subclavian fossa. Function. Brings a hand to the body, turns it inward: (pronates); the clavicle flexes the arm. With fixed upper limbs, it can raise the ribs with the sternum and thereby promote inhalation, participates in pulling up the torso when climbing. (Inn. Cv_vhi-Nn. pectorales medialis et lateralis.) 2. M. pectordlis minor, pectoralis minor, lies under pectoralis major. It begins with four teeth from the II to V ribs and is attached to the processus coracoideus of the scapula. Function. Pulls the scapula forward and down during its contraction. With fixed arms, it acts as an inspiratory muscle. (Inn. Cvii-vhi-Nn. pectorales medialis et lateralis.) 3. M. subclavius, subclavian muscle, extends between the clavicle and the first rib. Function. Strengthens the sternoclavicular joint by pulling the clavicle down and medially. (Inn. CIV-vi-N. subclavius.) 4. M. serratus anterior, serratus anterior, lies on the surface of the chest in the lateral region of the chest. The muscle usually begins with 9 teeth from the nine upper ribs and is attached to the medial edge of the scapula. Function. Together with the rhomboid muscle, which is also attached to the medial edge of the scapula, it forms a wide muscle loop that covers the body and presses the scapula against it. When reducing entirely simultaneously with the dorsal muscles (rhomboid and trapezius) m. serratus anterior sets the scapula motionless, pulling it forward. The lower part of the muscle rotates the lower angle of the scapula anteriorly and laterally, as happens when the arm is raised above the horizontal level. The upper teeth move the scapula together with the clavicle anteriorly, being antagonists of the middle fibers m. trapezius, with a fixed belt, raises the ribs, facilitating inhalation. (Inn. Cv_Vn-N. thora-cicus longus.) Of the four described muscles, the first two are truncopetal, the second are truncofugal. II. Autochthonous muscles of the chest. 1. mm. intercostales externi, external intercostal muscles, fill the intercostal spaces from the spinal column to the costal cartilages. They start from the lower edge of each rib, go obliquely from top to bottom and back to front, and attach to the upper edge of the underlying rib. Between the cartilages of the ribs, the muscles are replaced by a fibrous plate with the same direction of fibers, membrana intercostalis externa. (Inn. 7%I_XI. Nn. intercostales.) 2. Mm. intercostales interni, the internal intercostal muscles, lie under the external ones and, compared with the latter, have the opposite direction of the fibers, intersecting with them at an angle. Starting at the upper edge of the underlying rib, they go up and forward and attach to the overlying rib. In contrast to the external, the internal intercostal muscles reach the sternum, located between the costal cartilages. In the direction of the back mm. intercostales interni reach only the corners of the ribs. Instead, between the posterior ends of the ribs is membrana intercostalis interna. Thi-Xv Nn. intercostales.) 3. Mm. subcostales, subcostal muscles, lie on the inner surface of the lower chest in the area of \u200b\u200bthe corners of the ribs, have the same direction of fibers as those of the internal intercostal muscles, but are thrown over one or two ribs. (Inn. 77iVhi-xi-Nn. intercostales.) 4. M. transversus thoracis, the transverse muscle of the chest, is also located on the inner surface of the chest, in its anterior region, making up the continuation of the transverse abdominal muscle. (Inn. 77iin-vi-Nn. intercostales.) Function. mm. The intercostales externi produce rib cage elevation and anteroposterior and transverse expansion of the chest and are therefore inspiratory muscles active during normal quiet breathing. With increased inhalation, other muscles also take part that can lift the ribs upward (mm. scaleni, m. sternocleidomastoideus, mm. pectorales major et minor, m. serratus anterior, etc.), provided that the mobile points of their attachments in other places were fixed motionless, as, for example, patients who suffer from shortness of breath instinctively do. The collapse of the chest during exhalation occurs mainly due to the elasticity of the lungs and the chest itself. According to some authors, with a quiet exhalation, mm also take part. intercostales interni. With increased exhalation, mm are also involved. subcostales, m. transversus thoracis and other muscles that lower the ribs (abdominal muscles).

49. The abdominal muscles narrow the abdominal cavity and exert pressure on the insides enclosed in it, forming the so-called abdominal press - prelum abdominale, the effect of which is manifested when the contents of these organs are expelled during acts of defecation, urination and childbirth, as well as coughing and vomiting. The diaphragm also takes part in this action, which, contracting with increased inhalation, produces by its flattening pressure from top to bottom on the abdominal viscera, and the pelvic diaphragm creates support for them. In addition, due to the tone of the abdominal muscles, the insides are held in their position; in this case, the muscular-aponeurotic wall of the abdomen plays the role of a retaining abdominal belt. Further, the abdominal muscles bend the spinal column and trunk, being antagonists of the muscles that extend them. This is produced by rectus muscles, bringing together the chest and pelvis, as well as oblique muscles with bilateral contraction. With unilateral contraction of the abdominal muscles along with m. erector spinae tilt the body to the side. The oblique muscles of the abdomen take part in the rotation of the spinal column with the chest, and on the side where the turn occurs, m is reduced. obliquus internus abdominis, and on the opposite side - m. obliquus externus abdominis. Finally, the abdominal muscles are also involved in respiratory movements: attaching to the ribs, they pull the latter down, facilitating exhalation.

Exercises to strengthen the muscles of the abdomen (abdomen)

The shape of the abdomen depends not only on the thickness of the fat layer, but also on the condition of the abdominal muscles. Weak abdominal muscles cause a protruding and sagging abdomen. But this is not the most "terrible", much worse is that the weakness of the abdominal press can lead to the prolapse of internal organs and disruption of the motor function of the stomach and intestines. Also, do not forget that the muscles of the abdominal wall and pelvic floor play an important role in the normal arrangement of not only the abdominal organs, but also affect the course of pregnancy and childbirth. It should be said that during pregnancy and with incorrect posture, the abdominal muscles are greatly stretched, so they must be strengthened with the help of special physical exercises.

Exercises should not be performed with great tension, as this can lead to the formation of a hernia. But, numerous repetitions of light exercises are also ineffective. Light exercises serve only to warm up the muscles before a stronger load. It is advisable to perform each exercise at least 15 times.

The abdominal press consists of rectus, oblique and transverse muscles. The strongest are the rectus muscles - they bend the spine. To strengthen the rectus abdominis muscles, two types of exercises should be performed:

· With a motionless chest, raise the legs and pelvis (in a sitting position, lying down).

· With a motionless pelvis, raise the torso (in the supine position).

The transverse abdominal muscle is strengthened when doing exercises in the prone or kneeling position.